S phn tch h thng cc cation

t nhm I - VI
Dung dch phn tch
+HCl 2M
+ H2SO4 2M

Nhm I

+C2H5OH
+NaOH n c

Nhm II

+ 1/4V NaOH
+ H2 O 2
Nhm IV+ Nhm V+ SbO(OH)3

Nhm III

+ HNO3 2M + H2O2 (un si)

HSbO3

Cc cation nhm IV v V

+ HCl c, t

+ Na2CO3 n c, lc khng mt

+ Rozamin B SbCl-6 HR tm

+ HNO3 c + H2O2 (un nng)

Hiroxit Nhm IV

Phc amin Nhm V

Dung dch phn tch + HCl long

d, lnh

Nhm I:

Kt ta 1: AgCl, PbCl2, Hg2Cl

+H2O, un nng

Dung dch
Pb2+

Cc cation nhm khc

Kt ta 2: AgCl + Hg2Cl2
+ NH3 2M

+KI

PbI2 vng

+ K2CrO4

PbCrO4 vng
Tan trong NaOH

Hg + HgNH2Cl (en)

Ag(NH3)2+Cl+ HNO3
AgCl

trng

Nhm II
Dung dch phn tch (3 git)
H2SO4 2M + Ru etylic

BaSO4, CaSO4
+ Na2CO3 bo ha
u si
dung dch

Ly tm b
(3 ln)

BaCO3, CaCO3
+ CH3COOH + K2CrO4

BaCrO4 (vng)

+ (NH4)2C2O4 bo ha
+ (NH4)2C2O4
CaC2O4 trng

Nhm III

Dung dch + NaOH

+ H2C2 ly tm
Dung dch AlO2
ZnO22-

Tm Zn2+
vi
dithyzon
trn giy
lc

Tm Al3+
+NH4Cl
Bo ha
un si

+ aluminon mu hng

Nhm IV
Kt ta Fe(OH)3, Mg(OH)2, MgO(OH)2

Kt ta Fe(OH)3, Mg(OH)2
MnO(OH)2 + NH4Cl
un nng
MnO(OH)2
,Fe(OH)3
+ HNO3 + H2O2

Dung dch tm Mg2+

+ NH4OH
Tm Mn

2+

Tm Fe3+

+ NH4Cl
MgNH4PO4

Hn hp HNO3
AgNO3 K2S2O8
HMnO4 mu tm

+ KSCN
Fe(SCN)
n

Mu

trng

Nhm V

Kt ta HgO, Cu(OH)2
Dung dch Na2S ly tm
CuS, HgS
+ HNO3 6N

HgS + HCl 6N
un si

Dung dch
Cu2+

+ SnCl2 Hg2Cl2
Hg xm trng

+ NH4OH
c
[Cu(NH4)4]2+
Mu xanh