DELAYED COKER

UNIT

Prepared
By:
Neha
OGH

TOPICS TO BE COVERED
1. Introduction
2. Where does Coker Unit fits in a
refinery?
3. Residue Conversion/Up-gradation
process
4. Coker Unit
5. Delayed Coker Unit
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4

Schematic Diagram
Process flow inside Delayed Coker Unit
Products Obtained
Use in Industries

1.
INTRODUCTION

Crude Oil
Unprocessed Oil
= Petroleum
Composition :
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Sulphur, Nitrogen,
Oxygen, Metals &
Salts

REFINING

The Bottom of the Barrel

Residual Fuel Oil

"scraps" at the refinery dinner

table

Residual fuel oil is essentially

what is left over, along
withpetroleum coke

"Resid" fuels are a large part of

the heavy, residual leftovers
from a barrel of petroleum after
refiners have squeezed out
every last drop of higher value
products.

2. WHERE DOES COKER UNIT FIT IN A REFINERY ?

REFINERY PROCESS

SEPARATI
ON

CD
U

CONVERSI
ON

VD
U
Distillation
Unit

RESI
DS

PURIFICAT
ION

COKE
R UN
IT

3. RESIDUE CONVERSION/UP-GRADATION PROCESS

Cracking: Conversion of heavier hydrocarbons

into lighter hydrocarbons in or absence of a
catalyst
THERM
AL
CRACKI
NG

Coking
Vis breaker

CATALY
TIC
CRACKI
NG

Residue
FCC
Hydrocracki
ng

4. COKER UNIT
Coking Process: Thermal Conversion of
heaviest low value residues obtained from bottom
of VDU in to valuable distillates

TYPES OF COKER
UNITS

Delay
ed
Coker
Unit

Fluid
Coker
Unit

Flexi
Coker
Unit

5. Delayed Coker Unit

Converts petroleum
residuum ( bottoms
from CDU & VDU )
into liquid & gas
products leaving
petroleum coke
behind
Short residence time
in furnace tubes,
coking of feed
delayed until it
reached drums

5.1 DELAYED COKER SCHEMATIC

FRACTIONATER:
receives the feedstock
from the refinery vacuum
unit

FURNACE:
heats the heavy liquid material from
the bottom of the Fractionator to about
900 to 945o F

COKER DRU
MS
:
Two or more
drums where
thermal
cracking of
hot feed
occurs

5.2 PROCESS FLOW INSIDE DELAYED COKER UNIT

Cycle step 1
Overhead gas sent to fractionator to
preheat feed
Warm
up
period
+
steam
supplie
d

Feed pumped to
furnace

Heated feed routed

to D2

@end
of
cycle

Cycle step 2
Hot vapour diverted to
fractionator

Hot vapour from D2

re-routed to D1

D2
Temp.
dec

Cycle step 3
Vapours rises
through T2; products
separated
D1
cokin
g
begin
s

Feed pumped to
furnace

D2
purge
d with
steam

Heated feed routed

to D1

Cycle step 4
Steam & oil
vapours formed
routed to T2

D1
coking
continue
s

Water added to
D2

After D2 cooled ; water drained to coke pad ;

drum unheaded

Cycle step 5

D1
coking
continue
s

Drill
stem
lowered
; cutting
begins

Cycle step 6

D1
coking
continue
s

Coke &
water
emptied
onto
coke
pad

Cycle step 7

Vapour routed
to T2
D1
coke
cycle
ending

Steam
applie
d to
D2

Cycle step 8
Hot vapour from
D1 routed to D2
Hot vapour diverted to
fractionator

D1
Temp.
dec

5.3 Products Obtained

Typical Yields &
Dispositions
PRODUCTS

YIELD, Wt% of
FEED

DISPOSITION

Light Ends

12.5 20

LPG

Naptha

10 15

Naptha hydrotreating

Light Coker Gas Oil

18 24

Distillate
Hydrotreating

Heavy Coker Gas Oil

30-40

Fluid Catalytic
Cracking
Sponge Carbon
anodes

Pet Coke

20 35

Needle Graphite
electrodes
Shot Coke Power
generation

5.4 Uses of Petroleum Coke

Fuel grade pet coke used as a source of fuel for
cement kilns and electric power plants
Calcined pet coke is used in aluminium, graphite
electrode, steel, titanium dioxide and other carbon
consuming industries.

REFERENCES
www.afrpm.org
THE DELAYED COKING PROCESS Thomas E. Wolf
www.howstuffworks.com
www.processEngrs.com

THANK
YOU