INTERFACE STANDRADS

TO PROVIDE A COMMON INTERFACE STANDRADS

IRRESPECTIVE OF VENDERS & MANUFACTURERS
EIA DEVELOPED
BY ITU

RS-232 RECOGNISED
V.24

MOST COMMONLY IMPLEMENTED VERSION

(RS 232,

V.24,

V.24/V.28

OR DB 25)

SPECFICATIONS:
MECHANICAL:
DB 25 CONNECTOR FOR SERIAL PORT 25 WIRES

RS 232D

ELECTRICAL:
VOLTAGE RANGE, MAX RECOMMENDED

+25V

0------HIGH
+3

NO Useable Signal
-3

1------LOW
-25V

MAX SPEED 20,000BPS over a cable of 15 Meters

Shielded and low capacitance cables may support for
longer distances.

FUNCTIONAL
Each function is assigned to a single wire
Each wire is used in only one direction

DATA SIGNALS:
Pin No. DESIG.

DTE------DCE

FUNCTION

02

TD

Transmitted Data

03

RD

Received Data

CONTROL SIGNALS:
20

DTR

Data Terminal Ready

06

DSR

Data Set Ready

04

RTS

Request to Send

05

CTS

Clear to Send

08

CD

Data Channel Detect

07

SG

Signal Ground

Minimal RS 232 Interface for Asynchronous Leased Telephone Circuit.

For Dial Up Line one Additional signal is required

Pin No. DESIG.
22 RI

DTE------DCE

FUNCTION
Ring Indicator

For SYNCHRONOUS Circuits Additional Timing Signals

15 TC

Transmit Clock

17 RC

Receive Clock

MISCELLANEOUS SIGNALS
DTE

DCE
15

17

TC

RC

15

17

DTE must place bits on TD

when DCE clicks on pin 15 by
its clock.
DTE removes the bits from RD
when DCE clicks on pin 17

DCE Provides clock (normal case)

DTE

DCE
15

TC

15

17

RC

17

24

ETC

24

DTE provides Clock

RS-422,

RS-423 & RS-449

RS-423 is an unbalanced electrical interface, similar to the RS-232,

Supports Data interchange over longer cables, at a speed of 100Kbps.
On the other hand, RS-422 is a balanced electrical interface.
Each signal uses its own pair of wires to form a complete electrical
circuit.

This technique, as opposed to the shared ground pin of the unbalanced

Interface, allows Data transfer 10 Mbps
using cable up to

4000 feet

RS-449
37 and 9 Pin Interface for DCE & DTE
Higher Bit rate and Longer cable Length
Improved electrical specifications, Compatibility with RS-232

MODEM FEATURES
1- EQUALISATION
2- SCRAMBLING
3- FALLBACK RATES
4- LOOPBACK CONTROL
5- DEDICATED VS DIAL MODEMS
6- AUTODIAL & AUTOANSWER MODEMS
7-SECONDARY CHANNELS (BACKWARD CHANNELS)

CONVERSION DEVICES
INTERNAL SIGNALLING IS DIGITAL AND AVAILABLE MEDIA IS
ANALOGUE. SOME TYPE OF SIGNALLING CONVERSION
DEVICE IS REQUIRED. THE MOST COMMON DEVICE IS MODEM
TO CONVERT DIGITAL FORMAT TO ANALOGUE FORMAT ON
TELEPHONE LINES.

MODEMS DATA COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT (DCE)

MODEM FEATURES:

ALTERNATIVE MODEMS:
NULL MODEMS

ASYNCHRONOUS

NULL MODEMS

SYNCHRONOUS

FIBER OPTIC MODEMS

RADIO FREQUENCY MODEMS

ENCODING SCHEME
1- NRZI ENCODING: NONRETURN-TO-ZERO INVERTED.
(i.e invert on zero)
2- NRZ: NON-RETURN TO ZERO
3- DIFFERENTIAL MANCHESTER ENCODING:
4- ALTERNATE MARK INVERSION (AMI)
5- DIFFERENTIAL ENCODING:
6- MANCHESTER ENCODING: