Seni India

Disediakan oleh:
LING PIK KUONG

Pengenalan
Kesenian India bermula dari Dinasti Maurya (132
SM)
Seperti mana-mana kesenian bangsa lain di
dunia, di peringkat awal kesenian india juga
berasaskan kepada keagamaan
In Hinduism, art is religion, religion is art. To inform
and transform us what we might truly be.
Terdapat dua jenis kesenian popular iaitu
Lukisan/ catan dan Seni Arca

Indian art can be classified into specific periods each

reflecting particular religious, political and cultural
developments

Ancient period (3900 BCE-1200 CE)

Islamic ascendancy (1192-1757)
Colonial period (17571940)
Independence and the postcolonial period
(Post-1947)

Keagamaan dalam seni india

Indian art is so intimately associated with Indian
religion and philosophy that it is difficult to appreciate
it fully unless one has some knowledge of the ideals
that governed the Indian mind.
In Indian art there is always a religious urge, a looking
beyond. From the exuberant carvings of the Hindu
temples to the luminous wall-paintings of Ajanta, to
the intriguing art of cave sites and sophisticated
temple-building traditions, the Indian subcontinent
offers an amazing visual feast.

Acra timbul Ajanta

LUKISAN
Lukisan Gua Ajanta dianggap sebagai lukisan
pertama dan terbaik di India dalam abad pertama
Dalam abad kedua, lukisan Chaddanta Jataka
dianggap paling terkemuka
Beberapa abad kemudian, tiada catatan yang jelas
mengenai seni lukis di India sehinggalah pada abad
ke lapan di mana terdapat lukisan pada kuil
Khailasantha di Ellora

Once the Bodhisatta was born as the king of Chaddanta elephants. [Chaddanta (literally
having six tusks) and Uposatha were the two highest classes of elephants often
referred to in the Pali sources]. The body of the elephant king was pure white with red
face and feet. He lived in a golden cave (Kanchana-guha) on the bank of a lake. He had
two queens, namely, Mahasubhadda and Chullasubhadda.

 Motif utama yang digambarkan ialah

mengenai kehidupan manusia; cerita
yang menggambarkan tentang
percintaan dan perburuan
menggambung antara imej manusia
dengan tumbuhan.
Lukisan dipersembahkan atas kertas
dan daun-daun (Abad ke 12 16)

 Perkembangan senilukis di India berkembang

dengan tertubuhnya sekolah senilukis
Gujerat, dan sekolah Budha di Timur India
Apabila kedatangan Islam dan pengaruh seni
Barat pada abad ke 16, terdapat ciri-ciri seni
Byzantine dan seni Islam dalam seni lukis
India
Juga terdapat persamaan ciri seni lukis India
dengan ciri-ciri senilukis Persia yang
menggabungkan imej manusia dan corakcorak.

SENI ARCA India

Kegemilangan seni arca berada pada zaman Gupta
Merupakan kesenian tertua di India berkait rapat dengan patung-patung
keagamaan. Berasaskan bentuk manusia yang disimpan di kuil-kuil
Patung-patung diperbuat daripada batu marmar, kerana ia lebih tahan daripada
tanah liat
Pada zaman pemerintahan Maharaja Mahendra Varman, dari Dinasti Pallavas
(Di Mamallapuram) ramai tukang-tukang arca dikumpulkan dari seluruh India
untuk menghasilkan seni bina dan seni arca
Patung Lord Siva antara seni arca yang dihasilkan dalam Dinasti Pallavas yang
dihasilkan dalam peregerakan yang istimewa
Usaha ini telah mendorong ramai tukang-tukang arca India menghasilkan
pelbagai bentuk Lord Siva dan diperbuat dari pelbagai bahan seperti besi dan
gangsa.

CIRI-CIRI SENI INDIA

Religious factor as greatest influence.

Voluptuous feeling is given unusually free expression in Indian
culture.
A strong sense of design is also characteristic of Indian art and can be
observed in its modern as well as in its traditional forms.
The folk spirit has a tremendous role to play in the development of art
and in the overall consciousness of indigenous cultures. The Taj
Mahal, the Ajanta and Ellora caves have become world famous.
Feminine elemen in painting / sculpture of human/ gods figure.

Painting
berkait rapat
dengan agama
Hindu

Subject painting
berkait dengan
cerita/ mitos/
kepercayaan
ajaran agama
Hindu/
Buddhism

 India left the indelible impress of her high

culture, not only upon religion, but also
upon art, and literature, in a word, all the
higher things of spirit.
Pengaruh India jelas pada seni cina, seni
Jepun, south east Asia Cambodia,
Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Mymar
etc.

Pengaruh seni India di Cambodia

Angkor Wat (Khmer civilization)

8th 10th century

Bayon Temple, Siem Reap, Cambodia.

Pengaruh Buddhism dari India.

Ramayana Relief, Prambanam,

Jogyakarta , Indonesia.

Prambanam Temple, Yogoyakarta,

Indonesia.

Pengaruh Hinduism.

Borobudur, Jogyakarta.
th
th
9 10 century

Buddhist mandala central to a great deal of

Buddhist and Hindu art.

Padmapani from Ajanta

ru: ,
450-500 B.C
Author: Anonymous
Fresco from Ajanta

Title: Apsara, Dancing Celestial

12th century
Arca.

Bronze sculpture
The Chola period is also remarkable for its
sculptures and bronzes.[3] Among the
existing specimens in the various museums
of the world and in the temples of South
India may be seen many fine figures of Siva
in various forms, Vishnu and his wife
Lakshmi, Siva saints and many more.[4]

 Chola bronzes were created using the lost

wax technique.[5] It is known in artistic
terms as "Cire Perdue". The Sanskrit Shilpa
texts call it the Madhu Uchchishtta
Vidhana.

Bronze statue of Nataraja

Collection in Metropolitan
Museum of Art, New York City

The Taj Mahal built by Mughals

is one of the New Seven Wonders
of the World.

Title: Krishna and

Radha under a tree in a
storm.
1750 1825
Artist unknown