Professional Documents
Culture Documents
WASTE
GROUP MEMBERS:
Noor-ul-Ain Tahir
(11PWCHE0653)
Sundus Khushnood
(11PWCHE0646)
Micaiah Cyril Das
(11PWCHE0645)
SUPERVISOR:
Dr. SAEED GUL
CONTENTS
Introduction
Aims and Objectives
Bio-Ethanol, its Properties and Uses
Feed Stock Selection
Process Selection
INTRODUCTION
Due to depleting sources of fossil
prospective
replacement
to
petroleum derived fuels
One of the most utilized form of
Bioenergy is Liquid Bio-fuels
(biodiesel and bio-ethanol).
[1] Balat, M., H. Balat, and C. Oz. 2008. Progress in bioethanol
processing. Progress in
Pollution Control
Depleting Natural Reserves
Economic Crisis
[2] www.economywatch.com/world_economy/pakistan/export-import
Bio-Ethanol
Bioethanol is an
alcohol, fermented
mostly from
Sugars or Starch crops
such as sugarcane,
corn, potatoes etc.
C2H5OH
Common Name:
Ethanol
Properties of Bioethanol
Ethanol is a colorless liquid with a pleasant smell.
Eco friendly
Lower toxicity level
USES
Ethanol is used :
As solvent for many substances and for
manufacturing perfumes , paints , and explosives
As beverage product for use in spirits, beers and
wines
Used pure, or blended with Gasoline, and utilized
as a Fuel in automobiles
As an antifreeze agent in automobile radiators
[5] de Oliveria M.E.D, B.E. Vaughan, and Jr. E.J. Riykiel. 2005.
Ethanol as fuel: energy, carbon dioxide balances, and ecological
footprint. Bioscience 55: 593-602.
Lignocellulosic material
selection.
Sugar as a feed stock requires no pretreatment
whereas the later are inexpensive in comparison
[6] C.E. Wyman, Ethanol fuel, in: C.J. Cleveland, R.U. Ayres, R.
Costanza, J. Goldemberg, et al. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Energy, vol.
2, Elsevier Science, 2004, pp. 541555.
Process Selection
Various process employed for ethanol fermenting
hydrolysis and fermentation
Separate
Hence
now known
It is of interest for fuel ethanol production because of its
potential to increase fermenter throughput, and reduced
processing costs
Slide 12 : References
[12] W. F. Gauss, S. Suzuki and M. Takagi, Manufacture of alcohol from cellulosic
materials using plural ferments. U.S. Pat. No. 3,990,944, November 9,-1976.
[13] M. Takaai. S. Abe. S. Suzuki. G. H. Emert and N. Yata. A methanol for production
of alcohol directly from cellulose using cellulasc and yeast. Proc. Bioconwrsion
Symp. IlT, Delhi, India, 55i (1977).
[14] P. J. Blotkamo. M. Takaai. M. S. Pemberton and G. H. Enert, Enzymatic
hydrolysis of cellulose and simultaneous saccharification to alcohol. AIChE Symp.
Ser. 74, 85 (1978).
[15] M. Holtzapple, Inhibition of Trichoderma reesei cellulose by sugars and
solvents, American Institute of Chemical Engineers 1989, Annual Meeting, San
Francisco, CA, November 8, 1989.
[16] M. Takagi, Inhibition of cellulase by fermentation products. Biotechnol.
Bioeng. 24, 1506 (1984).
[17] Thomas KC, Hynes SH, Jones AM, Ingledew WM. Production of fuel alcohol from
wheat by VHG technology: effect of sugar concentration and fermentation
temperature. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1993;43:21126.
[18] Thomas KC, Hynes SJ, Ingledew WM. Practical and theoretical considerations in
the production of high concentrations of alcohol by fermentation. Process Biochem
1996;31:32131.