Introduction

Heat sensor with fan cooling circuit describes the use of operational
amplifier and a very common diode in 4148 used in such way that it can
sense the variation in the ambient or environment if the temperature
increases the predefined value set by the per-set then it starts fan for
cooling
unless the temperature is again well below the value this low
circuit is very useful for automatic controlling any application.
Interest has been growing in integrated circuit for cooling the speed of
cooling fan in personal computer and other electronics equipment. Compact
electrical fans are cheap and have been used for cooling electronics
equipment for more than half a century. However, in recent year the
technology using these fans has evolved significant. This article will
describe how and why this evolution has taken place and will suggest some
useful approaches for the design.

Parts List:
R1 = 560 ohm
R2, R9 = 100K
R3, R8 = 10K
R4, R7 = 1K
R5 = 470 ohm
R6 = 100 ohm, 2watt, wire-wound
Q1 = 2N2907 (NTE159M) low noise
Q2 = MJE521 (NTE184)
IC1 = 741, op-amp
Led1 = LED, red
D1, D2, D3 = 1N4148, signal diode
D4 = 1N4004, general purpose diode
P1 = 100K, trimmer pot
C1 = 2.2uF, 25V, electrolytic
C2 = 47uF, 25V, electrolytic

Description:
The controller uses one or more ordinary silicon diodes as a
sensor, and uses a cheap op-amp as the amplifier. I designed this
circuit to use 12V computer fans, as these are now very easy to
get cheaply. These fans typically draw about 200mA when
running, so a small power transistor will be fine as the switch. I
used a BD140 (1A, 6.5W), but almost anything you have to
hand will work just as well.

Circuit Diagram For Power Supply

Circuit Diagram For The Heat Sensitive Device Controller

About Circuit Elements:

Transistor:
This is key element in circuit. It is used as switch.
The important property of this Transistor Is, this transistor give out put from
collector only when its base voltage is at some ve potential than its emitter.

Resistor:
A resistor is a two-terminal electronic component that produces a
voltage across its terminals that is proportional to the electric current through
it in accordance with Ohm's law:
V = IR

Bridge Rectifier:
Bridge Rectifier is actually a bridge of Diodes
1N4007.This is used to convert 12 V AC (coming from
Transformer) to 12 V DC which is supplied to circuit.

LEDs:
Light Emitting Diodes, Placed in circuit, to show level of water
in Tank. These diodes are operated at 1.5 V

The capacitor's function is to store electricity, or electrical energy.

The capacitor is constructed with two electrode plates facing each other,
but separated by an insulator.

When DC voltage is applied to the capacitor, an electric charge is stored

on each electrode.

While the capacitor is charging up, current flows.

The current will stop flowing when the capacitor has fully charged.

Description :
The 1N4148 and 1N4448 are high-speed switching diodes
fabricated in planar technology, and encapsulated in
hermetically sealed leaded glass SOD27 (DO-35) packages.
Switching diodes are a single p-n diode in a discrete package.
A switching diode provides the same functionality as a switch. It
has high resistance below the specified applied voltage similar
to an open switch, whereas above that voltage it changes in a
sudden way to the low resistance of a closed switch. Switching
diodes are used in devices such as ring modulation.

DC Fan :
The schematic of an automatic cooler fan for audio amplifiers is
given here. The circuit automatically switch ON the cooler fan
whenever the temperature of the heat sink exceeds a preset level.
This circuit will save a lot of energy because the cooler fan will be
OFF when the amplifier is running on low volume. At low volume less
heat will be dissipated and it will not trigger the cooler fan ON.

DESCRIPTION :
The LM741 series are general purpose operational amplifiers which
feature improved performance over industry standards like the
LM709. They are direct, plug-in replacements for the 709C, LM201,
MC1439and 748 in most applications.
The amplifiers offer many features which make their application
nearly foolproof: overload protection on the input and output, no
latch-up when the common mode range is exceeded, as well as
freedom from
oscillations.

A light-emitting diode (LED) is an electronic light source.

LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many kinds of electronics and

increasingly for lighting.

LEDs are based on the semiconductor diode.

The longer lead is the Anode side and the short one is the Cathode side.

A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch

electronic signals and electrical power.

It is composed of semiconductor material with at least three terminals for

connection to an external circuit.

ADVANTAGES:

This project can be used in Home.

This project can be used in Industry.

This will help in saving the energy / electricity.

To monitor the environments that is not comfortable, or possible,

for humans to monitor, especially for extended periods of time.

Prevents waste of energy when its not hot enough for a fan to be
needed.

To assist people who are disabled to adjust the fan speed

automatically.

DISADVANTAGES:-

It can only be maintained by technical person. Thus, it becomes

difficult to be maintained.

Due to temperature variation, after sometimes its efficiency may

decrease.

FUTURE SCOPE:

We can monitor more parameters like humidity, light and at the

same time control them.

We can send this data to a remote location using mobile or internet.

We can draw graphs of variations in these parameters using

computer.

When temperature exceeds the limit, a call will be dialed to the

respective given number by an automatic Dialer system.

CONCLUSION
This project is complete & established an automatic running fan that
operates with a sensor, using fully hardware design. The temperature
sensor is connected to variable resistor which will get out the output
signals. This will determine the fan automatically increasing or
decreasing in speed according to the speed level of a normal fan that
are set to different temperature range of a room. The temperature
sensor will typically sense the temperature & the variable resistor set
in that temperature range. In case certain resistances will be set
according to the measured range of temperature. Hence the DC fan
was connected for through out the heat & set the temperature normal.

REFERENCES
www.makingthings.com/telecom/autofan
www.daiwahk.com
www.analog.com/analogdialouge
www.national.com/appinfo/temperaturesensors
www.pdf.com/heatsensorwithfancooling
www.wikipedia.com/electroniccomponents