Engineering Electromagnetics

Introduction

Electromagnetic Spectrum

EM Spectrum

Applications of electromagnetic
fields
Static 0 Hz: video display units; MRI(medical imaging) and
other diagnostic or scientific instrumentation; industrial
electrolysis; welding devices
ELF [Extremely Low Frequencies]0-300 Hz:
power lines; domestic distribution lines; domestic appliances;
electric engines in cars, trains and tramways; welding devices
LF [Intermediate Frequencies]300 Hz - 100 kHz: Video
display units; anti-theft devices in shops; hands-free access
control systems, card readers and metal detectors; MRI;
welding devices
RF [Radio Frequencies]100 kHz - 300 GHz:mobile
telephones; broadcasting and TV; microwave ovens; radar
and radio transceivers; portable radios; MRI.

Biomedical Applications

Electromagnetic Therapy

Antennas

Computational Electromagnetics

Levitation Maglev Train [Japan]

Satellites

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WLAN

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Mobile Phone

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Bio-Electromagnetics

13

Checking

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Optical Communication

15

Free Space Optics

16

Meta-meterials

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Maxwells Equations of Electromagnetic Fields and Waves

Maxwells Equations
Differential Form

E( R , t ) B ( R , t ) J m ( R , t )
t

H (R, t )
D(R, t ) J e (R , t )
t
gD(R, t ) e ( R, t )
gB(R, t ) m ( R, t )

Integral
Form

B(R , t ) gdS J m (R , t ) gdS

C S
S t
S

H
(
R
,
t
)
g
dR

C S
S t D(R, t ) gdS S J e (R, t ) gdS
E( R, t ) gdR

S V D(R, t ) gdS V e (R, t ) dV

S V B(R, t ) gdS V m (R, t ) dV

Water Surface Waves

Hertzian Dipole: EM Waves

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Maxwells Equations of Electromagnetic Fields and Waves

Maxwells Equations
Differential Form

Integral
Form

B( R, t ) gdS J m (R, t ) gdS

C S
S t
S

H
(
R
,
t
)
g
dR

C S
S t D(R, t ) gdS S J e (R, t ) gdS

E( R , t ) B ( R , t ) J m ( R , t )
t

H (R, t )
D( R , t ) J e (R, t )
t
gD(R, t ) e (R , t )

E(R , t ) gdR

S V D(R, t ) gdS V e (R, t ) dV

S V B(R, t ) gdS V m (R, t ) dV

gB(R, t ) m (R, t )

Electric Field Strength (Vector)

Time Point (Scalar)

t t0

t t1

E( R , t )

Position Vector

E( R , t )

t
R
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Classification of Maxwells Equations

0
t

0
t

H, B 0

B
0
t
Electromagneti
c (EM) Fields

Electroqua
sistatic
(EQS)
Fields

E, D 0

D
0
t
Magnetoquasistatic
(MQS)
Fields

Stationary
Electric
Current (SES)
Fields

Electrostati
c (ES)
Fields

Magneto
static (MS)
Fields

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Electrostatic Fields: Applications

E
E

Basic Components of an Ink-Jet Printer

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Electrostatic Fields: Applications

Figure: A CCD Camera Consists of an

Array of MOS Capacitors

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Electrostatic Field Problem Example: Parallel Plate

Capacitor
Scalar Field: Electrostatic Potential

Vector Field: Electrostatic Field Strength

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Example: Spark Plug and Relay

Electrostatic (ES) Fields
Spark Plug

Elektric Potential

Magnetostatic (MS) Fields

Relay

Magnetic Flux Density

Permeability
Elektric Field Strength
Elektric Field Strength
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Examples: Antenna and Human Head Interaction

Rapidly Time Varying Electromagnetic (EM) Fields
Horn Antenna: Contour Plot of Electric Field
Strength Vector (Ey Component)

(CST Microwave Studio, www.cst.de)

Biomedical Application: Human head model

irradiated by the electromagnetic field of a
mobile phone

(CST Microwave Studio, www.cst.de)

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Examples: Div and Curl

div A g A 0
curl / rot A A 0

div A g A 0
curl / rot A A 0

div A gA 0
curl / rot A A 0

div A gA 0
curl / rot A A 0

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Examples: Div and Curl

div A gA 0
curl / rot A A 0

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Grad, Div and Curl Examples

Vector Field

D(R )
div D(R )= gD( R )

Scalar Field

e (R ) div D(R ) gD( R )

D x ( x, y, z )
D y ( x, y, z ) D z ( x, y, z )
x
y
z

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Grad, Div and Curl Examples

Vector Field

Vector Field

E( R , t )

curl/rot E(R, t ) E(R, t )

B( R, t )
t

curl / rot E(R, t )= E(R, t ) e x

ey
e z E( x, y, z, t )
x
y
z

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