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System
Output Signal
Input Signal
System
Output Signal
Input Signal
System
Output Signal
Audio System
Visual System
Receiving
Transmitting
Temprture System
Transducer that convert
Temprture to electric signal
Temprture
Sensor
Pressure System
Input Signal
System
Types of Signals
1-Continuous-time signals
- Signal that has a value for all points in time
- Function of time
- Written as x(t) because the signal x is a function of
2- Discrete-Time Signals
- Signal that has a value for only specific points in time
- Function of the sample value, n
- Written as x[n]
Output Signal
Input Signal
System
Output Signal
System
- A collection of items that together performs a function
- Modifies / transforms an input to give an output
Represented by
T[ ]
Output Function y(t)
Input Function x(t)
VR (t ) Ri (t )
1
VC (t )
C
i ( )d
VL (t ) L
di (t )
dt
T[ ]
y(t )
Output
y(t) = T[ x(t) ]
VR (t ) Ri (t )
VL (t ) L
1
VC (t )
C
di (t )
dt
i ( )d
TR [ ] = R[ ]
d
TL [ ] = L [ ]
dt
TC [ ]
[ ]dt '
Example
d
T[ ] = [ ]
Let the operator
Differential Operator
dt
Let the input x(t) = 2sin(4t) then the output y(t) be
d
y(t) = T[x(t)] = [2sin(4 t )] = 8cos(4 t )
dt
Function 2sin(4t)
mapped
Function 8cos(4t)
x(t )
Input
H[ ]
y(t )
Output
H[ ]
Output Function space
y(t)
Input Function space
x(t)
Input
Input
Output
x (t ) Ri V c (t )
dV c (t )
i (t ) C
dt
dV c (t )
x (t ) RC
V c (t )
dt