Prof. Dr. Basavaraj K. Nanjwade M. Pharm., Ph.

D
Department of Pharmaceutics
KLE University College of Pharmacy
BELGAUM-590010, Karnataka, India

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Birla Institute of Technology,

Mesra, Ranchi.

Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology breakthrough research

Neutraceutical and Cosmetic Industry.

Nanotechnology, a field of science and

technology that aims to control matter at the
atomic and molecular level.

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Neutraceuticals

Neutraceutical, a term combining the words

"nutrition" and "pharmaceutical", is a food or
food product that provides health and medical
benefits, including the prevention and treatment
of disease.

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Nutraceuticals and Pharmaceuticals

Nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals are related in

that both are types of compound that demonstrate
bioactive properties.
Nutraceuticals are substances that are extracted
from foods and are used either to fortify other
food products in order to enhance their nutritional
properties as dietary supplements in the form of
pills, capsules of soft-gels.

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Nutraceuticals

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Nutraceuticals

Nutraceuticals are food extracts that have been

demonstrated to produce a physiological benefit or
provide some protection against chronic disease.

Nutraceuticals are the intersection of nutrition and

pharmaceutical and is an umbrella term that can also
include functional foods and dietary supplements.

Eg. Omega-3 fatty acids that are both biocompatible

and bioavailable.

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Nutraceuticals Market

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Nano-Particle

Nutraceutical compounds do not yet fall under the

same regulatory guidelines and control known to the
pharmaceutical industry, but many of the same
analytical studies are conducted.

Quantitative particle size, particle shape, and zeta

potential analysis provides information that has either
a direct effect or correlation to issues such as
bioavailability, solubility, formulation stability, and
quality control.

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Particle Characterization

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Particle Characterization

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Nano-Techniques

Nutraceutical researchers working to improve the

bioavailability, biocompatibility, and stability of various
formulations measure particle size, particle shape, and zeta
potential.

Measuring particle size in the nanometer

The SZ-100 dynamic light scattering nanoparticle size

analyzer provides size information for nano scale
suspensions and emulsions through a simple, robust user
interface.

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Neutraceuticals

Essential fatty acids such as omega-3 oils

Probiotics
Prebiotics
Plant stanols and sterols
Botanicals
Superfruit extracts and antioxidants
Carotenoid antioxidants
Soy protein isoflavones

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Essential fatty acids such as omega-3 oils

Omega-3 fats are found in flaxseed oil, walnut oil, and

marine plankton and fatty fish.

The main sources of omega-6 fats are vegetable oils such

as corn oil and soy oil that contain a high proportion of
linoleic acid.

The dense composition of the oil, it can sometime prove

difficult to formulate with other ingredients

Eg. Nanoemulsion

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Probiotics

Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that can be found in

various foods.

When you eat probiotics, you will add these healthy

bacteria to your intestinal tract.

Common
strains
include
Lactobacillis
Bifidobacterium families of bacteria.

Eg. Nanoliposomes and Nanoniosomes

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Prebiotics

Prebiotics are non-digestible foods that make

their way through our digestive system and
help good bacteria grow and flourish.

Prebiotics keep beneficial bacteria healthy.

Eg. Nanoencapsulation

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Plant stanols and sterols

Plant sterols and stanols are naturally occurring

substances found in plants.

They are present in small quantities in many fruits,

vegetables, vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, cereals and
legumes.

Eg. Enhance aqueous solubility

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Botanicals

Range of substances which is covered by

Botanicals.

Extracts from non-gmo, live plants & seeds

All plant derived substances which occur in

nature

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Superfruit extracts and antioxidants

Fruit which combines exceptional nutrient richness

and antioxidant quality with appealing taste that
can stimulate and retain loyalty for consumer
products.

Some popular fruits like Apples, oranges, tomatoes,

strawberries, blackcurrants, blackberries are not
commonly mentioned as superfruits.

Eg. Nanosuspension, Capros

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Carotenoid antioxidants

Carotenoids are tetraterpenoid organic pigments that

are naturally occurring in the chloroplasts and
chromoplasts of plants and some other photosynthetic
organisms like algae, some bacteria, and some types
of fungus.

Eye Formula combines distinctive flavonoids,

carotenoids, and antioxidants known to nourish and
protect the delicate cellular tissue of eyes, naturally

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Soy protein isoflavones

Soy protein and isoflavones (phytoestrogens) have

gained considerable attention for their potential role
in improving risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Soy protien isoflavones for enteral, parenteral, or

topical administration.

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Cosmetic

Many cosmetic products include particulate

material or emulsions.

Some examples of cosmetic products consisting

of or including particulates include facial
powders, moisturizers, lipstick etc.

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Facial Powders

Face powders may include talc, kaolin, iron oxide, zinc

oxide, titanium dioxide.

In addition to appearance enhancement, face powders

can also provide sunscreen protection with the inclusion
of strong light scattering components such as zinc
oxide.

The particle size distribution of these components

effects appearance, stability, and sunscreen protection.

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Facial Powders

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Moisturizers

Moisturizers are applied to the skin to improve hydration,

protect from drying, and improve appearances.

Most moisturizers are oil in water emulsions with

additives to improve stability or provide additional
benefits such as sun screening properties.

Formulating oil in water emulsions often requires

knowledge of both the size distribution of the dispersed
phase (oil) and the charge on the surface of the droplets
(the zeta potential).

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Nanoemulsion

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Lipstick

The selection of pigments used for lipstick plays an

important role in the final appearance.
Many pigments used in lipstick are particulate
including effect pigments that add silk or pearlescent
attributes.
Smaller particles create satin and silky effects while
larger particle sizes create high luster effects such as
sparkle.
Pearlescent pigments also add a shine to the
appearance of the lipstick.

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Lipstick

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Patents for Nanotechnolog in Cosmetics

Company

Application
Title

Key
Language/Abstract
(relevant claim in
bold

Date of
Filed

Published
Application/
Patent
Number

ColgatePalmolive

Deodorant with
small particle zinc
oxide

This invention
comprises a one
phase cosmetic
composition which
can be made as a
stick, gel or cream

February 9,
2001

6358499

LOreal

Cosmetic
composition
comprising a
polyglycerolated
silicone elastomer

Nanoparticles are
between 5 nm and
600 nm in size

March 22,
2005

2005220728

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Nanotechnology Based Cosmetic Product

Moisturisers

Hair care products

Make up and suncreen

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Main Uses of Nanotechnology

1.

Use of nanoparticles as UV filters

2.

Use of nanotechnology for delivery

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Use of nanoparticles as UV
filters

Titanium dioxide (Tio2) and zinc oxide (Zno) are

the main compounds used in these applications.

Organic alternative to these have also been

developed

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Use of nanotechnology for delivery

Nanoliposomes and Nanoniosomes are used in the

cosmetic industry as delivery vehicles.

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid

carriers (NLC) have been found to be better performers
than liposomes

NLCs have been identified as a potential next generation

cosmetic delivery agent that can provide enhanced skin
hydration, bioavailability, stability of the agent and
controlled occlusion

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Nanotechnology R&D in Cosmetics

Vesicular Delivery Systems (Nanoliposome & Nanoniosome)

Nanoemulsions
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers
Dendrimers & Hyperbranched polymers
Nanocrystals & Nanopowder
Nanoencapsulation and controlled release
Cubosomes
Nanotechnology for UV protection
Nanomechanical and Nanotribological study of hair
Fullerenes

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Vesicular Delivery Systems

Nanoliposomes

Nanoniosomes

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Nanoliposomes

Liposomes are vesicular structures with an aqueous core

surrounded by a hydrophobic lipid bilayer, created by the
extrusion of phospholipids.

Phospholipids are GRAS (generally recognised as safe)

ingredients, therefore minimising the potential for adverse
effects.

The first liposomal cosmetic product to appear on the

market was the anti-ageing cream Capture launched by
Dior in 1986.

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Nanoliposomes

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Nanoniosomes

Niosomes are non-ionic surfactant based vesicles that have a

similar structure to that of phospholipid vesicles like
liposomes.

They can be used to encapsulate aqueous solutes and act as

drug and cosmetic carriers.

They are formed by the self-assembly of non-ionic

surfactants in aqueous media.

The first product Niosome was introduced in 1987 by

LOral company.

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Nanoniosomes

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Nanoemulsions

Nanoemulsions are dispersions of nanoscale droplets of one

liquid within another.

These emulsions are metastable systems whose structure can

be manipulated based on the method of preparation to give
different types of product e.g. water-like fluids or gels.

Several companies supply ready to use emulsifiers for

creating stable nanoemulsions for cosmetic applications.

LOreal own several patents on nanoemulsion based

technologies.

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Nanoemulsion

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Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are nanometre sized

particles with a solid lipid matrix.

They are oily droplets of lipids which are solid at body

temperature and stabilised by surfactants.

Their production is a relatively simple process where the

liquid lipid (oil) in a nanoemulsion is exchanged by solid
lipids.

This process does not require organic solvents.

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Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

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Nanostructured Lipid Carriers

Lipid particles have been developed by mixing solid

lipids with liquid lipids (Nanostructured Lipid CarriersNLCs).

Compared to SLNs, NLCs have a distorted structure

which makes the matrix structure imperfect and creates
spaces to accommodate active compounds.

The high loading capacity and long term stability offered

by the NLCs make them superior to SLNs in many
cosmetic applications.

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Nanostructured Lipid Carriers

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Dendrimers

Dendrimers considered for use in the cosmetic industry.

Dendrimers are unimolecular, monodisperse, micellar

nanostructures, around 20 nm in size, with a welldefined, regularly branched symmetrical structure and a
high density of functional end groups at their periphery.

They are prepared in a step-wise fashion, with an

architecture like a tree branching out from a central
point.

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Dendrimers

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Hyperbranched Polymers

Hyperbranched
polymers
are
effectively
disorganised, unsymmetrical dendrimers that are
prepared in a single synthetic polymerisation step,
making them much more cost-effective than
dendrimers.

The large number of external groups suitable for

multifunctionalisation which is a requirement for
its use as a cosmetic agent carrier.

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Hyperbranched Polymers

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Nanocrystals

Nanocrystals have been used in the cosmetic industry for the

delivery of poorly soluble actives.

They are aggregates comprising several hundred to tens of

thousands of atoms that combine into a "cluster".

Typical sizes of these aggregates are between 10-400 nm and

they exhibit physical and chemical properties somewhere
between that of bulk solids and molecules.

The crystals must be stabilised to prevent larger aggregates

from forming.

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Nanocrystals

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Nanopowder

Nanopowder are solid particles that measure on the nanoscale,

usually comprised of three to five molecules together.

Nanopowder have been of extreme interest in the Cosmetic

field.

Smaller particles mean better absorption by the body therefore

less drug is needed.

Because of a combination of these, side effects are lessened

due to better use of cosmetics.

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Nanopowder

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Nanoencapsulation and controlled release

Such nanosized particles which have a shell and an

interior space that can be used to load drugs are called
nanocapsules.

Different types of nanocapsules are required depending

on the nature of the material (hydrophobic or
hydrophilic) to be incorporated.

Polymers have been widely used to create nanocapsules

which are then functionalised for various applications.

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Nanoencapsulation and controlled release

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Cubosomes

Cubosomes are nanostructured particles of bicontinuous cubic

liquid crystalline phase.

Bicontinuous cubic liquid crystalline phase is an optically clear,

very viscous material that has a unique structure at the
nanometer scale.

They have high heat stability and are capable of carrying

hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules.

They are an attractive choice for cosmetic applications as well

as for drug delivery.

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Cubosomes

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Nanotechnology for UV protection

Zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles

have been widely used for many years as UV filters in
sunscreens.

Products using nanoparticles of ZnO or TiO2 are

transparent so have increased aesthetic appeal, are less
smelly, less greasy and more absorbable by the skin.

Many sunscreens and moisturisers available now use

these nanoparticles, including products from Boots, Avon,
The Body Shop, LOral, Nivea and Unilever.

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ZnO and TiO2 Nanoparticles

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Nanomechanical and Nanotribological

study of hair

Nanotechnology has been used to study the mechanical

characteristics of hair.

Understanding the differences between hair types allows

cosmetic companies to create products to suit individual
hair types (e.g. ethnic differences between Caucasian,
Asian and African hair) as these can respond differently to
activities like shampooing, styling or colouring.

The hair care industry is also interested in the effect of

water on the nanomechanical properties of hair.

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Fullerenes

A fullerene is any molecule composed entirely of

carbon, in the form of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid, or
tube.

Spherical fullerenes are also called buckyballs, and

they resemble the balls used in association football.

Cylindrical ones are called carbon nanotubes or

buckytubes.

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Fullerenes

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Contact No: 00919742431000

E-mail: bknanjwade@yahoo.co.in

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