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Vit Ting Anh Hc Thut

T chc lp vit bo khoa hc Y khoa ng trn tp


ch quc t (5)
Radiotechnology

Kha Thi c
i hc Y Dc TP H Ch Minh Gim c trung tm vit bo khoa hc bng ting
Anh

http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw

Tiu s c nhn
Kha Thi c (Ted Knoy) dy vit ting Anh k
thut trong cc trng i hc i Loan hn hai
mi nm. ng l tc gi ca mi bn cun sch
v vit ting Anh k thut v chuyn nghip. ng
thnh lp mt trung tm vit ting Anh ti trng i
hc Y Yunpei ng thi cng l ging vin ton thi
gian ti trng. ng chnh sa trn 55,000 bi
vit cho vic ng bo nghin cu khoa hc t nm
1989. ng l cng nh bin tp ting anh cho mt s
tp ch v khoa hc, k thut v y hc ca i Loan.

A. Nn tng (Background)

Thit lp cc xut nghin cu (Setting of research proposal): M t


mt xu hng ph bin, pht trin hoc hin tng trong lnh vc ca bn
ngi c c th hiu c bi cnh m bn xut nghin cu ang
c thc hin .

Vn nghin cu (Research problem) : M t cc hn ch chnh hoc


tht bi ca cc nghin cu trc y hoc cc phng php nghin
cu khi gii quyt cc xu hng, pht trin hoc hin tng nu .

c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu (Quantitative


specification of research problem): nh lng hoc a ra mt v d v
vn nghin cu c trch dn trong ti liu tham kho trc .

Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu (Importance of research


problem) : M t cc hu qu v mt l thuyt v thc t nu khng gii
quyt vn nghin cu.

B. Thc hin (Action)

Mc tiu nghin cu (Research objective) : M t mc tiu ca nghin


cu xut ca bn v bao gm cc c im chnh ring bit ca
nghin cu t c mc tiu nghin cu , iu m khng c
thc hin trong nghin cu trc y ( mt cu )

Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu (Methodology to


achieve research objective) : M t ba hoc bn bc chnh t
c mc tiu nghin cu ca bn .

Kt qu d kin ( Anticipated results) : M t cc kt qu nh lng


m bn hy vng s t c trong nghin cu ca bn.

ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin (Theoretical and


practical contribution to field) : M t cch thc phng php hoc
kt qu nghin cu xut ca bn s ng gp v mt l thuyt trong
lnh vc nghin cu, quy lut v cng ng gp thit thc trong sn
xut, ngnh cng nghip dch v.

V d 1: Radiotechnology
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Rapid advances in magnetic resonance
technology have led to the extensive use of magnetic resonance
cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) as a non-invasive diagnostic method for evaluating
the biliary tree and pancreatic duct.
Vn nghin cu Some invasive techniques, including endoscopic retrograde
cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
(PTC), use either an endoscope or a guided wire inside the patients body to obtain an
image of the digestive system image, often creating patient discomfort and possibly
leading to infection.
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu For instance, the
conventional procedure utilizes an invasive approach in which the procedure lasts an
average of nearly 40 minutes, longer than a patient can tolerate. Despite the long
procedure time, the incidence rate of infection of MRCP is 0%, obviously, better than
the conventional procedure.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu However, MRI instrumentation has its
limitations. Patients with a pacemaker or implanted ferromagnetic metal should avoid
MRCP scanning. Additionally, a stone may be misdiagnosed as another type of
intraluminal filling defect, such as an intraductal tumor, blood clot, or gas bubble.
Moreover, ascites or ileus may occasionally hinder the diagnosis of the extrahepatic
biliary ducts and gall bladder lesions.

V d 1 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should develop a
therapeutic method that combines MRCP with conventional MR images
to diagnose cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma and liver
tumor accurately. Doing so can clearly display various
pancreaticobiliary obstruction lesions, including stones, cholangitis,
pancreatitis and choledochal cysts.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so,
upgraded computer software and improvements in scanning
techniques can facilitate the production of high quality cholangiograms,
even providing super visualization of normal pancreaticobiliary
anatomy. Additionally, adopting the patient respiratory-trigger procedure
can obviously decreases the motion artifact caused by a patients
respiratory system, as facilitated by proper training of technical
personnel to execute the standard examination procedure.

V d 1 (cont.)
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, the proposed therapeutic method can
eliminate the motion artifact through the most appropriate pulse
sequence chosen, better signal receive coil, and the respiratory-trigger
procedure. Thoroughly training the instrumentation operator can
significantly reduce both procedural time and patient discomfort.
Moreover, the image work station and advanced computer hardware
can reconstruct the raw data, subsequently decreasing the false
diagnosis rate and increasing diagnosis accuracy to 99%.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin While incorporating
MRCP for direct visualization of the biliary and pancreatic ducts without
the need for an invasive procedure, ionizing radiation or iodine contrast
media administration, the proposed therapeutic method can produce
MRCP with sufficient contrast and spatial resolution by incorporating the
volume sequence of respiratory trigger turbo spine echocardiogram with
MIP algorithm, even when a 0.5T MR unit is used. Given its increasing
accessibility, lowering cost and enhanced spatial resolution, MRCP will
become the preferred choice for imaging the pancreaticobiliary system.

V d 2: Radiotechnology
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Ranking eighth among all cancers in Taiwan and
first among children, leukemia is on the rise. In vivo detection of leukemia in children
can be determined using hydrogen 1 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).
Vn nghin cu Although capable of differentiating between red bone marrow and
yellow bone marrow, the MRS signal for the bone marrow only has two peaks: a red
bone marrow-like water signal at 4.6~4.8ppm and a yellow bone marrow-like fat signal at
1.1~1.3ppm. Examinations performed at 1.5T magnetic do not yield a clear MRS signal,
explaining why in vivo detection of bone marrow in qualitative and quantitative analyses
is extremely difficult.
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu Earlier investigations on bone
marrow biochemical analysis adopted the biopsy technique. Given advances in medical
modalities in recent years, characterization of MRS is not invasive and surveys continue
in different echo times. Further investigation could help differentiate between the
percentage of normal and abnormal bone marrow of Leukemia.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability to analyze the MRS signal for
the bone marrow of leukemia makes it impossible to develop a method that is not
invasis and more effective than conventional therapeutic follow up methods. Therefore,
a photon MRS in vivo method must be developed, capable of assessing the bone
marrow of leukemia to supersede conventional examinations.

V d 2 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should develop a photon MRS in
vivo method, capable of assessing the bone marrow of leukemia to supersede
conventional examinations.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, bone marrow can be
detected using either single-voxel spectroscopy or 2D chemical shift imaging. The
lesion portion of the voxel can then be detected on the bone marrow, followed by
modulation of the pulse sequence. Next, the MRS signal for the bone marrow can
be analyzed, capable of differentiating between the MRS of normal children and
children with leukemia.
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, the proposed photon MRS in vivo method can be
used to determine why physiological variation of the bone marrow of Leukemia
occurs, which can supersede conventional examinations.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin Capable of determining the bone
marrow (including red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow) of leukemia, the
proposed method can also be used to interpret the magnetic resonance
spectroscopy for the bone marrow of leukemia. Moreover, while most MRS
investigations have focused on brain signals, MRS has seldom been studied with
respect to signals of bone marrow, making it a valuable reference for future
investigations.

V d 3: Radiotechnology
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Although advances in medical technology and therapeutic
treatment have greatly increased the survival rate of patients diagnosed with nasal and
pharyngeal cancer, patients receiving irradiation treatment experience adverse side effects,
including skin reaction, bone necrosis and hearing loss. Such irreversible reactions lower their
quality of living, accounting for the search for alternative methods to decrease patient discomfort
accompanied with radiation therapy.
Vn nghin cu Given the increasing number of patients receiving radiation therapy, which
is less discomforting than chemotherapy or surgery, adverse side effects of treating patients
diagnosed with nasal and pharyngeal cancer must be resolved. As is generally assumed, skin
reaction caused by treatment is irreversible because the radial destroys the dermal cell and the
hearing cell, explaining for the search of an effective means of averting side effects irradiation
treatments or patients of nasal and pharyngeal cancer.
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu For instance, the side effect of the
skin reaction is generally assumed to be irreversible because the radial destroys the dermal cell
and the hearing cell, necessitating the development of a method that can avoid the side effects
incurred by irradiation for the patient of N.P.C.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability to eliminate the adverse side effects of
irradiation treatment makes it impossible to improve the therapeutic outcome. Patient discomfort
may cause them to stop therapy or not adhere to the therapeutic schedule, explaining the
urgency to remedy this problem. Moreover, the ability to provide better care for the patient would
not only decrease the adverse side effects brought on by irradiation treatment, but also increase
the curative rate.

V d 3 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should analyze causes of irreversible
skin reactions and how they vary during radiation therapy by performing an iodine-starch
staining test and accumulating statistics from a questionnaire survey.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, two patient groups can be
formed, i.e. a group of 100 patients having undergone therapeutic treatment previously
and a control group of 100 patients. The reaction caused by sweat and damaged skin can
then be analyzed by using the iodine-starch staining test. Next, statistical results obtained
from the two groups can reveal why such a reaction occurs and varying degrees of the
skin reaction.
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, analysis results can identify why skin reactions occur,
including skin erythema, dry desquamation, moist desquamation and skin necrosis.
Those results can provide a valuable reference for efforts to reduce skin reaction caused
by irradiation by 70%.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin Results of this study can shed light on
why skin reactions occur during irradiation to decrease the potential harm to patients
during radiation therapy by designing an appropriate treatment schedule to yield a better
therapeutic outcome. In addition to decreasing the likelihood of skin reaction, e.g.,
carbuncular, desquamating and ulcerations, caused by irradiation treatment, this study
contributes to efforts to avert hearing loss that leads to both physiological and
psychological effects.

V d 4: Radiotechnology
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Curcumin can inhibit
the activation of cancer cells in humans.
Vn nghin cu However, merely consuming plenty of
natural foods such as vegetables and fruits does not
ensure a concrete expression to circumvent the activation
of cancer cells.
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu
For instance, the inability to consistently consume 10M of
curcumin will not prevent activation of cancer cells.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability to
consume adequate amounts of curcumin to inhibit cancer
cell growth makes it impossible to ensure sustained
growth.

V d 4 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should develop a
determination method to identify various concentrations of curcumin
that would inhibit cancer cell growth, enabling us to determine the
most efficacious concentration.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so,
carcinoma macrophage culture can be made for high glucose and
low glucose. The survival rate of the MTT conversion cell can then
be analyzed by adding various concentrations of curcumin. Next,
subequent MTT data can provide evidence of O.D 550nm of ELISA.
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, analysis results can indicate that
various concentrations of curcumin can inhibit cancer cell growth.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin Results of this
study can shed light on the potential role of curcumin in decreasing
the incidence of cancer.

Ti liu tham kho


Knoy, T (2002) Writing Effective Work
Proposals. Taipei: Yang Chih Publishing

Further details can be found at


http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw

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