CONTENTS

BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

NEED

OF RETROFITTING

FIBER

REINFORCED POLYMER

CARBON

FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER

INSTALLATION PROCESS

INSTUMENTATION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

AND TESTING

BACKGROUND
In recent years in most of the prestressed bridges, it is
observed that cracking of some precast concrete girders in
elevated spans. In addition to cracking spalling of concrete
covers are also observed.

The bridges are found deficiencies due to

insufficient
adequate

transverse
lap

splice

reinforcement

length,

lac

of

and
proper

anchorage.
So in recent years retrofitting techniques are developed such
as concrete jacketing, steel jacketing, frp wrapping etc.

SOME FAILUERS IN BRIDGE

COLUMNS AND BEAMS ARE

DMAGE IN BRIDGE
COLUMNS

DAMAGE IN BRIDGE BEAM

SPALLING OF CONCRETE

DEFICIENCIEN PRODUCED IN COLUMN

DUE TO SEISMIC EFFECT

INTRODUCTION
Retrofitting can be defined as
Addition of new technology or features to
older system .
Modifying existing structure to make them more
resistant to seismic activity, ground motion and soil
failure due to earthquakes .

The basic definition of seismic retrofitting is

adding roof to wall anchors and continuity ties to
strengthen important connections in building.

RETROFITTING OF BRIDGE
COLUMN

RETROFITTING
TECHNIQUES

DIFFERENT TYPES OF
RETROFITTING ARE
RETROFITTING WITH
REINFORCED STEEL JACKETING

RETROFITTING WITH
REINFORCED CONCRETE
JACKETING

RETROFITTED WITH STEEL

CAGING OF COLUMN

RETROFITTING BY SHOTCRETING

RETROFITTING BY CARBON
SHEET WRAPPING

NEED OF RETROFITTING
Earthquake creates
great
amount of
devastation in terms of life , money and failure
of structure.
Every time reconstruction of building is not
possible , there we use retrofitting of structures.
Essential or important buildings must be
strengthened like hospital , monuments ,
architectural buildings ect.
Retrofitting proves to be a better economic
consideration and immediate shelter to problem
rather than replacement of building.

WHATS IS FRP ??
Fiber

reinforced polymer resins, as we know

them today, were first introduced in 1940s. The
broad use of FRPs in almost every field from
aerospace to civil engineering can be attributed
primarily to the superior characteristics they
have compared to conventional materials.

FRP

i.e fiber reinforced polymer is the polymer

matrix reinforced with fiber.
FRPs are normally used in the form of sheets,
plates, and prefabricated shells.

Mechanical properties of FRP

FRPs

are composed of four different

components: fibers, resins, fillers, and additives.
Each of these components is responsible for some
of the characteristics that the final product must
have.
Fibers take up 30% to 70% of the composite
volume.
Increasing the fiber content (Vf), as is clear from
following Fig , raises the stiffness without changing
the strain capacity, provided the resin is capable of
connecting fibers effectively.

Resins provide the

mechanism for load
transfer between the
fibers and are
responsible for
composite
compressive strength.

They also protect the fibers from environmental

effects and buckling.

Types of FRP
Following are the types of frp
composite material used

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer

(CFRP)

Glass fiber reinforced polymer

(GFRP)

Aramid fiber reinforced polymer

Carbon FIBER REINFORCED

POLYMER
Carbon fiber reinforced polymer is composite
materials. In this the composite consist of 2
parts
1.Matrix

2.Reinforcement

In CFRP the reinforcement is carbon fiber,

which provides the strength.

And the matrix is usually polymer resins, such

as epoxy, to bind the reinforcements together.
Because CFRP consist of two distinct
elements, the material properties depend on
these two elements.

PROPERTIES OF CFRP STRIP

AND FIBERS
Material Density Tensile Elastic
strengt modulus (MPA)
h (MPA)
CFRP

280
kg/cum

2800

165,000

MILD
STEEL

7500
kg/cum

400

200,000

CFRP Strips

CFRP Fabrics
Tensile strength

>3500 N/sqmm

Tensile modulus

230,000 N/sqmm

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is an

extremely strong and light fiber reinforced polymer
which contains carbon fiber.

MERITS AND DEMERITS OF CFRP

It

has high strength to weight ratio .

It

has high modulus of elasticity.

It

has high resistance to corrosion.

It

is a highly inflammable material.

It

does not change its dimension and therefore

wont reduce the clear height of bridges.

DEMERITS OF CFRP

It requires highly specialized

labors for construction.

These

are very
transverse action.

They

sensitive

to

do not function effectively

in compression.

APPLICATIONS OF CFRP
In

aerospace industry
Civil engineering field
Sporting goods
Military application
Carbon fiber at home appliances
Medical application
Automobile industries
Environmental industry ect.

INSTALLATION PROCESS

Following are the figures and characteristics of

The BANDAR Abbas Railway Bridge,

Damaged pier

Placement of longitudinal
reinforcement

Placement of
transverse
reinforcement

Use of high
performance mortar

Laminated CFRP

Sheet CFRP

NDT test

Final protection lining

INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING

The purpose of the instrumentation and testing was
to obtain reliable and consistent measurement of
the various key parameters such as deflection,
strain and vibration of the selected spans of the
bridge.
The following is the instrumentation technique
used in UDOT, in conjunction with
researchers from Utah State University and
the University of Utah, began in late 1995 to
investigate the application of the advanced
carbon-fiber composites to a bridge pier cap
and column joint.

INSRUMENTATION OF BRIDGE ALSO

INCLUDES NON DESTRUCTIVE TEST

REBOUND HAMMER
TEST

IMPACT ECO TEST

CONCLUSION
The

properties of CFRP makes it effective as

compared to other conventional retrofit methods.

From

literatures it is seen that due to

strengthening and retrofitting, strains and
deflections of the girders should be reduced
when standard static load is applied.

 Benefits

of CFRP are easy and fast

application , keeping the size and dimension
of the structures , good quality and fixture of
the renovated elements and extending the life
of the bridges

If

processed properly, this would be as

effective than other conventional retrofit
methods
in
improving
the
seismic
performance
of
deficient
structural
components.

REFERENCES
Brian john walkenhauer Seismic retrofit of cruciform shaped
columns in the aurora avenue bridge using frp wrapping.
Chris P. Pantelides, M.ASCE, Larry Cercone and Frederick
Policelli Development of a specification for bridge seismic retrofit
with carbon fiber reinforced composite.
Kevin C. Womack, Ph.D., P.E. , Kevin C. Womack, Ph.D., P.E. &
Robert M. Moyle, M.S. Retrofitting of existing concrete beam
column joints using advance carbon fiber.
M. ElGawady, P. Lestuzzi and M. Badoux review of conventional
seismic retrofitting techniques for URM.

 MAHNAZ FARIVAR, HASSAN SAHRANAVARD,

MOHAMMAD SAFI, REZA AGHANOORI Current CFRP
practice for repair of detorated railway bridge piers in
Iran.

Sounders
commercials
www.soundersseismic.com).

seismic

retrofit

WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM
Yasmeen taleb obaidat Structural retrofitting of
reinforced concrete beams using carbon fiber reinforced
polymer.
Zahra Riahi and Farzad Faridafshin Seismic retrofit of
reinforced concrete bridges with fiber reinforced polymer
composite.

THANK YOU

RETROFITTING OF
COLUMN