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Concentration
Examples:
Sweetened condensed milk
Fruit and vegetable juices and nectars
Sugar syrups
Flavored syrups
Jams, Jelly, Source
Pastes (Tomato)
G. R.P.K. Perera, CoT, Kandy
Relationship between
Concentration and Evaporation
The activity what we do is evaporation(or
membrane filtration) and then the result
is concentration of the food/liquid.
(The effect of the evaporation is
concentration of the food/liquid.)
Evaporation is removal of water from a
liquid using heat to get concentrated
Evaporation
M. Filtration
Concentrati
on
G. R.P.K. Perera, CoT, Kandy
Purposes:
-Extend the shelf life (Preservation)
-Reduce weight and volume (Economical
advantages)
. Reduce transport cost
. Reduce handling cost
. Reduce storage cost and space
G. R.P.K. Perera, CoT, Kandy
How do Preservation by
Concentration?
Microbe cell
[solute]
[H2O]
[Solute]
[H2O]
Methods/Equipments for
Concentration
1.
Solar Concentration
e.g. Salt separation from solar heat.
Advantages:
-No power/fuel required
-Low pollution
Disadvantages:
-High time required
-Not suitable for most food
-Cant control
G. R.P.K. Perera, CoT, Kandy
2.
Open Kettle
Use single/double jacketed vat and
gas/wood/steam as heating agent.
e.g. Jam, Cordial, Nectar
Fruit and vegetable syrups
sources and pastes
Advantages:
-Easy to operate/simple technique
-Produce colors and flavors desirable to some products
Disadvantages:
-High TO and high time damage the foods nutrition
value
-Thickening on walls reduces the heat transferring rate
3.
Flash evaporator
Use clean steam superheated to above
150oC for direct contact with subdivided
food material.
Use for essence recovery equipment on
the basis of different boiling point
between essence and water to separate
volatile flavor constituents.
Flash Evaporator
G. R.P.K. Perera, CoT, Kandy
4.
5.
Vacuum evaporator
Use low TO vacuum evaporator series.
Use for heat sensitive foods
e.g. Instant coffee
Milk powder
Advantages:
-Heat sensitive foods can be evaporated.
-Can gain high solute concentration. (effective)
-High production rate. (efficient)
Disadvantages:
-High capital cost.
NB: When concentrating in lower TO with vacuum may not
destroy microbes sufficiently. So, use of additional
preservation treatment is required.
G. R.P.K. Perera, CoT, Kandy
Vacuum Evaporator
G. R.P.K. Perera, CoT, Kandy
6.
Freeze concentration
The components of the solution is frozen at
once.
So, the solution is freeze to make tiny
crystals of water.
Unfrozen concentrated solution portion is
separated from the whole.
The whole is centrifuged to separate ice
crystals and concentrated solution is passed
through fine mash while crystals retain on
the mash.
Repeat this process to get concentrated
solution for several times.
G. R.P.K. Perera, CoT, Kandy
7.
Fruit juices
Coffee
Tea
Egg white
Soy protein
Enzymes
Whey separation
Advantages:
-Low nutrition loss
-Low pollution of water
Disadvantages:
-Non valuable constituents also concentrated
G. R.P.K. Perera, CoT, Kandy
Thank
You.
G. R.P.K. Perera, CoT, Kandy