Jawaharlal Nehru Technological

University Kakinada
III Year B. Tech. Petrochemical Engineering
II Sem.
DESIGN OF COLUMN & INTERNALS

OVER VIEW

Presented by

Prof. K. V. Rao
Academic Advisor / Visiting Professor
Petroleum Courses
JNTUK

Contents

Distillation -Definition

Distillation Operation

Distillation Design

Column Internals

Trays and Packing: Design aspects

BASIC OPERATION OF DISTILLATION COLUMN

Distillationisaprocessinwhichaliquidorvapourmixtureoftwo
ormoresubstancesisseparatedintoitscomponentfractionsofdesired
purity,bytheapplicationandremovalofheat.
Itisaunitoperationandthecomponentstobeseparateddepends
onthedifferencesinboilingpointsoftheindividualcomponents.Also,
dependingontheconcentrationsofthecomponentspresent.

MethodsOfDistillation:

DifferentialorSimpleDistillation

FlashDistillation

RectificationorFractionationalDistillation

Distillation
Operation

Distillation Operation

Distillation Operation

Distillation Operation

Distillation Operation

Distillation Operation

Distillation Operation

Distillation Operation

DISTILLATION - DESIGN

Column Internals :

The plates or trays are contacting devices and used to hold up the
liquid to provide better contact between vapour and liquid, hence better
separation .
1. Trays /Plates

2. Packings

TRAYS

P A C K IN G

T R A Y S W IT H D O W N C O M E R
VALVE TRAYS

RANDOM

S IE V E T R A Y S

STR UC TUR ED

BUBBLE CAP TRAYS

T R A Y S W IT H O U T D O W N C O M E R
DUAL FLO W TRAYS

I G E N E R A T IO N

II G E N E R A T IO N

III G E N E R A T IO N

BAFFLE TRAYS
D IS C & D O N U T T R A Y S
R IP P L E T R A Y S
M ULTI DO W NCO M ER TRAYS
P R O P R IE T A R Y D E S IG N S (M V G , S U P E R F R A C )
T R IT O N , P R O V A L V E
NYE TRAYS
C O L L E C T O R / C H IM N E Y T R A Y S
N O N - F R A C T IO N A T IO N T R A Y S

R A S C H IG
L E S S IN G
C R O S S P A R T IT IO N R IN G
BERL SADDLES

P A L L R IN G
HYPAK
IM T P
CMR
N U T T E R R IN G

GEMPAK
M ELLAPAK
IN T A L O X
PARLPAK

Bubble Cap / Valve trays

In valve trays / Bubble Cap trays, perforations are
covered by liftable caps. Vapour flows lifts the caps,
thus self creating a flow area for the passage of
vapour. The lifting cap directs the vapour to flow
horizontally into the liquid, thus providing better
mixing

Typical Flow of Vapors & Liquids Inside the

Column

Packings :

RASCHIG RING

PALL
RING

INTALOX
SADDLE

Typical
Typical Tray
Tray Section
Section
Inlet Weir
Outlet
Weir

Tray
s

Downcom
er
Seal
Pot

Classification of Trays

Based on the Number of liquid

paths
1. Single Pass
2. Two Pass
3. Three Pass
4. Four Pass

COLUMN REBOILERS

Merits & Demerits of

Trays

Thank You