Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A branch of
Mechanics which
describes the
motion of objects
using words,
diagrams, numbers,
graphs, and
equations
KINEMATICS
Study of motion of bodies
without regard to the forces
acting on the body.
Particles
Has mass, but its
dimensions are negligible or
unimportant in the problem
being investigated.
Rigid body
Speed
A scalar quantity
A measure of how fast an
object moves
Speed = distance / time
Instantaneous speed
=the speed of an object at any
one instant
= measured by the speedometer
Average speed
The measure of the total distance traveled at
a given period of time.
Velocity
A vector quantity
Rate of how an object changes its
position
Used to describe speed and direction
Acceleration
A vector quantity
How to accelerate an
object
change its speed
Change its direction
Change both speed and
direction
Constant
Acceleratio
n is
velocity
changing by a
constant
amount each
second
Acceleration
Acceleration
Positive Acceleration
Negative Acceleration
Graph Interpretation
PROBLEM SOLVING
1.What is the average speed of a
cheetah that sprints 100 m in 4 s?
How about if it sprints 50 m in 2 s?
2. If a car moves with an average speed
of 60 km/h for an hour, it will travel a
distance of 60 km.
a. How far would it travel if it
moved at this
rate for 4h.
b. for 10 h?
Questions
1. A girl moves at a constant speed in a
constant
direction. Say the same sentence in
fewer words.
2. The speedometer of a car moving to the
east reads
100 km/h. It passes another car that
moves to the
west at 100 km/ h. Do both cars have
the same
speed? Do they have the same
velocity?
3. During a certain period of time, the
speedometer
Uniformly Accelerated
Summary of Formulas:
Motion
v vo at
1 2
d vot at
2
v v 0 2ad
2
v f vo
2
v vo
2
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
1. A sprinter is able to produce an acceleration of
8.0 m/s2 for the first 0.75 s of a race. Calculate
the velocity of the sprinter at the end of the first
0.75 s?
2. Now suppose that the sprinter continues to run
at 6.0 m/s until the end of the race. After
crossing the finish line the sprinter decelerates
at 2.0 m/s2 . How long will it take her to stop?
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
5 . An engineer is designing the runway for an
airport. Of the planes which will use the airport,
the lowest acceleration rate is likely to be 3
m/s2. The takeoff speed for this plane will be 65
m/s. Assuming this minimum acceleration,
what is the minimum allowed length for the
runway?
6. A car accelerates from 12 m/s to 25 m/s in 6s.
What was its acceleration? How far did it travel
in this time? Assume constant acceleration.
Questions
1. A girl moves at a constant speed in a
constant
direction. Say the same sentence in
fewer words.
2. The speedometer of a car moving to the
east reads
100 km/h. It passes another car that
moves to the
west at 100 km/ h. Do both cars have
the same
speed? Do they have the same
velocity?
3. During a certain period of time, the
speedometer
SEATWORK:
1. How long will it take a car to accelerate
SEATWORK:
3. How long will it take a car to cover a distance
of 250 m if it accelerates from rest at a rate of
4.0 m/s2 ?
4. A dolphin decelerates for 2.0 s from an initial
speed of 7.5 m/s in order to take a look at a
dolphin of the opposite sex. Calculate the
dolphins final speed if the deceleration had a
magnitude of 1.5 m/s2 .
SEATWORK:
5. An ice skater decelerates for 5.0 s to a final
speed of 12 m/s. If the deceleration was at a
rate of 1.5 m/s2 . What is the skaters initial
speed?
CHALLENGE PROBLEM:
A car 3.5 in length and traveling at a
constant speed of 20 m/s is approaching an
intersection. The width of the intersection
is 20m. The light turns yellow when the
front of the car is 50m from the beginning
of the intersection. If the driver steps on
the brake, the car will slow at -3.8 m/s2 . If
the driver instead steps on the gas pedal,
the car will accelerate at 2.3m/s2 . The light
will be yellow for 3.0s. Ignore the reaction
time of the driver. To avoid being in the
intersection while the light is red, should
CHALLENGE PROBLEM:
Two cars are 20 m apart. Car 1 is
initially at rest and car 2 is moving at
a speed of 19m/s to the left. The first
car started to accelerate at 2m/s2 to
the right and car 2 continues to move
at a constant velocity, when will the
two cars pass each other?
CHALLENGE PROBLEM:
Two cars are 50 m apart. Car 1 is
travelling at 12 m/s to the left while
car 2 is travelling at 10 m/s to the
right. If both cars accelerate at 2 m/s 2
, when will they pass each other?
ROAD SAFETY
Ref:
http://users.tpg.com.au/users/mpaine/speed.html#speedcra
sh
ROAD SAFETY
Ref: http://www.rotr.ie/rules-fordriving/speed-limits/speed-limits_2-second-
NO SPEED LIMIT!
Free fall
An object falls
under the
influence of
gravity alone
It is not affected
by air resistance
Free fall
Acceleratio
n due to
gravity =
9.8 m/s2
Free-fall equations
Summary of Formulas:
v vo gt
1 2
d vot gt
2
v v 0 2 gd
2
v = gt
v = velocity
g= acceleration due to
gravity
t = time
How far
d = (1/2)
2
gt
d= distance
g= acceleration due to
gravity
t = time
Free- fall
d = (1/2) gt2
t=
Average
0.16 s
d = 1.5 cm or 0.015 m
g = 9.8 m/s2
t=
t = 0.055s
Seatwork
1. A boulder is ejected straight up out of a
volcano at a speed of 80 m/s. a) To what
maximum height will it rise above the point
where it was ejected?
2. A rock is dropped into a 60.0 m deep
well. A) Neglecting air resistance, how long
will it take the rock to reach the bottom? B)
calculate the position of the rock 1,2 and 3
s after its release.
CHALLENGE PROBLEM:
A rock is dropped from a sea cliff and
the sound of it striking the ocean is
heard 3.4 s later. If the speed of
sound is 340m/s, how high is the cliff?