Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Rebucas
Vianca Empiales
Patricia Diane Lim
Andrew Jayme
INDONESIAN
ARCHITECTURE
INFLUEN
CES:
I. Geographical.
Indonesia officially the
Republic of
Indonesia is a
sovereign state in
Southeast Asia and
Oceania.Indonesia is
an
archipelagocomprising
thousands of islands.It
encompasses 34
provinces.
Nusa Tenggara
Maluku Islands
Twenty-nine volcanic
eruptions were recorded,
country,
Indonesia
is
blessed with two seasons,
namely dry and rainy. Dry
usually occurs from June to
September and the rest is
rainy season. Sunshine is
abundant except in rainy
season when the sky tends
to be cloudy. It is advisable
to visit Indonesia during dry
season.
The
Indonesian
Islam in Indonesia
Constitution
guarantees The history of Islam in
freedom
of
religion.
Indonesia is complex and
However, the government
reflects the diversity of
only recognizes six official
Indonesian cultures
religions:
Islam, By the 15th century, the
Christianity, Hinduism,
spread of the religion
accelerated via the
Buddhism, Confucianism
missionary work of Maulana
and Protestantism.
V. Historical.
.Historically,
immigrationfrom India,
China, Portugal, Arabia,
and the
Netherlandshas been a
major contributor to the
diversity of religion and
culturewithin the
country.
.Prior to the arrival of
Islam, and the
Abrahamicfaiths of
Christianity and
Judaism, the popular
belief systemsin the
region were thoroughly
influenced by Dharmic
religious philosophy
through Hinduism and
The
most
dominant
influences on Indonesian
architecturehave
traditionally been Indian ;
however, Chinese, Arab,
and European architectural
influences
have
been
Christianity
The
Government
of
Indonesiaofficially recognizes
the
two
Christiandivisions
in
and
main
Indonesia,Protestantism
Roman Catholicism,
separate religions.
as
two
PROTESTANTISM
form
a significant minority in
some parts of the country. On
the island ofSulawesi, 17% of
the citizens are Protestants.
Christianity
brought
byLudwig
Ingwer
Nommensenwho is known as
apostle to the Batak people
Today
was
Roman
Catholicism
Catholicismarrived in
Indonesia during the
Portuguese arrival with
spice trading.
Many Portuguese had the
goal of spreading Roman
Catholicism in Indonesia,
starting
withMoluccas(Maluku) in
1534.
Between 1546 and 1547,
the pioneerChristian
missionary,Saint Francis
Xavier, visited the islands
andbaptisedseveral
thousand locals.
As of 2006, 3% of all
Indonesians are Catholics,
about half the number of
HINDUISM
Hinduism in Indonesia takes
on a tone distinct from
other parts of the world.
incorporated
nativeAustronesian
elements that
reveredhyangs, deities and
spirits of nature and
deceasedancestors.
Buddhism
Buddhism is the second oldest
religion in Indonesia, arriving
around the sixth century.
The history of Buddhism in
Indonesia is closely related to the
history of Hinduism, as a number
of empires based on Buddhist
culture were established around
the same period.
The arrival of Buddhism was
started with the trading activity
that began in the early of first
century on theSilk Roadbetween
Indonesia and India.
According to some Chinese
source, a Chinese traveler monk
on his journey to India, witnessed
the powerful maritime empire of
Srivijaya based onSumatra. The
empire also served as a Buddhist
learning center in the region.
2000 nationalcensus,
roughly 1% of the total
citizens of Indonesia are
Buddhists, which takes up
about 2 million people.
practitioners of Confucianism
andTaoism, which are not
considered official religions of
Indonesia, referred to
themselves as Buddhists on
the census.
CONFUCIANISM
Confucianismoriginated
inChinaand was brought to
Indonesia
byChinesemerchants, as
early as the 3rd century AD.
more like a way of life
orsocial movementthan a
religion
In 1965,Sukarno issued
Presidential Decree No.
1/Pn.Ps/1965, recognizing
that six religions are
embraced by the Indonesian
people, including
Confucianism.
the status of Confucianism in
Indonesia in the New Order
regime was never clear but
later part Confucianism once
again became officially
recognized as a religion in
Indonesia.
CULTURE
Culture
ThecultureofIndonesiahas
been shaped by
longinteractionbetween
original indigenous customs and
multiple foreign influences.
along ancienttrading
routesbetween theFar
East,South Asiaand theMiddle
East, resulting in many cultural
practices being strongly
influenced by a multitude
ofreligions.
Western culturehas greatly
influenced Indonesia in science,
technology and modern
entertainment such as television
shows, film and music, as well
as political system and issues.
Indiahas notably influenced
Indonesian songs and movies.
Indigenousethnic
groupsMentawai,Asmat,
Dani,Dayak,Torajaand
many others are still
practicing their ethnic
rituals, customs and
wearing traditional clothes.
CUISINE
Thecuisine of Indonesiahas
been influenced byChinese
cultureandIndian culture,
as well as byWestern
culture.
The most important aspect
of modern Indonesian
cuisine is that food must
behalal, conforming to
Islamic food laws.Haraam,
the opposite of halal,
includesporkandalcohol.
Indonesian dishes are
usually spicy, using a wide
range ofchili peppersand
spices.
Chinese and Indian cultures
have influenced the serving
of food and the types of
spices used.
Poetry
There is a long tradition in
Indonesia, particularly
among
ethnicallyMalaypopulatio
ns, of extemporary,
interactive, oral
composition of poetry.
These poems are referred
to as pantun.
CRAFTS
Several Indonesian
islands are famous for
theirbatik,ikatandsongk
etcloth.
Other worldwide famous
Indonesian crafts
ISJeparawood carving.
TheNational Monument
Indonesian:Monumen
Nasional, abbreviatedMonas
Description: Monas is a
132m (433ft) tower in the
centre ofMerdeka
Square,Central Jakarta,
symbolizing the fight
forIndonesia. It is thenational
monumentof theRepublic of
Indonesia, built to
commemorate thestruggle for
Indonesian independence.
Religious Architecture
in Indonesia
Althoughreligious
architecturehas
been
widespread in Indonesia,
the most significant was
developed
inJava.
A
number of often large and
sophisticated
religious
structures
(known
ascandiinIndonesian)
were built in Java during the
peak of Indonesia's great
Hindu-Buddhist
kingdoms
between the 8th and 14th
centuries
(seeAncient
temples
of
Java).
The
earliest surviving Hindu
temples in Java are at
theDieng Plateau. Thought
to have originally numbered
as many as 400, only 8
ThePrambanantemple
complex
Traditional
The 33 provinces of
Indonesia
1. Province Aceh
Acehnesetraditionalhousescalled"RumohAceh".This
custom home-typehouses on stiltswith
3mainsectionsandanadditional part.Three main parts
ofAcehishomeseuramokeu
(frontporch),seuramoTeungoh
(centralfoyer)andseuramolikot (backporch).
Whileanadditionalpartthat
isrumohDapu(homekitchen).
2. Province North
Sumatra / Batak
In general,the form
ofbuilding custom
homesin
theBatakindigenousgroup
symbolizing"standingbuff
alo".It iseven more
clearto decoratethe top
ofthe roofwith abuffalo
head.
Karo traditional house
Siwaluh Jabu looks great
and is higher in comparison
with other custom homes. The
roof is made of fibers and is
usually coupled with the roofs
of the smaller triangle called
ayo-ayo and tersek.
Batak Toba:Bolon,The
form ofcustom homesin
the
areaSimalungunquite
attractive.Complexcusto
m homesin the village
ofAncientCausewayconsi
stsofseveralbuildingstha
t"houseBolon",Bolonha
ll,drying,abstinencehall
need,anddimples.
3. Province West
Sumatra / Padang
The traditional house
ofWest Sumatra,
especiallyfrom
ethnicMinangkabaucalled
"Rumah Gadang".
Usuallybuilt ona plot
ofland belonging tothe
parentfamilyinthe
tribe/peoplearehereditar
y.Not farfrom gadang
housecomplexesare
usuallyalsobuiltamosqu
ethat servesas a
placeofworshipand
residenceof theadult
malebut not yetmarried.
Tower Houseis
maderectangularanddivide
dinto
twofrontandrearportion,g
enerally made
ofwood,anda cursorylook
like ahouse on stiltswith
theroofshape
ofatypical,stand outlike a
buffalo horn,the local
communityandwas
formerlycalledgonjongroof
ismade
4. Province Riau
Traditional House :Rumah
melayu selaso jatuh kembar 5. Province Riau Islands
Traditional House :Rumah
(Rumah Lancang)
Selaso Jatuh Kembar (Rumah
Belah Bubung)
6. Province Jambi
Traditional House : Rumah
Panjang
7. Province South
Sumatra / Palembang
The houseis awooden
stage.
In terms
ofarchitecture,the wooden
houseswerecalled
Rumah Limas
/pyramidhousebecause
ofthe
shapeofapyramidroof.
8. Province Lampung
Traditional House : Nuwo sesat
9. Province Bengkulu
Traditional House : Rumah
bubungan lima (Rumah
Rakyat)
15. Province DI
Yogyakarta
Traditional House : Rumah
Bangsal Kencono
27. ProvinsiSoutheast
Sulawesi /Kendari
Traditional House : Laikas
Balinese architecture
Balinese
architectureis
avernacular
architecturetradition ofBalinese peoplethat inhabits
volcanic island ofBali,Indonesia. The Balinese
architecture is a centuries-old architectural tradition
influenced
byBalinese
culturedeveloped
fromHinduinfluences through ancient Javanese
intermediary, as well as pre-Hindu elements of native
Palace architecture
Istan
(or
"palace")
architecture
of
the
various kingdoms and
realms of Indonesia, is
more often than not
based
on
the
vernacularadatdomesti
c styles of the area.
Royal courts, however,
were able to develop
much
grander
and
elaborate versions of
this
traditional
architecture.
Pagaruyung Palace (Sumatra Barat
In the Javanese palaces
thependopois
the
tallest and largest hall
within a complex. As the
place where the ruler
sits, it is the focus of
Colonial architecture
The
16th
and
17th
The largest stock of colonial
centuries saw the arrival
era buildings are in the large
of European powers in
cities of Java, such as
Indonesia
who
Bandung,Jakarta,Semarang,
usedmasonryfor much of
andSurabaya.
their
construction.
Previously timber and its
by-products had been
almost exclusively used in
Indonesia,
with
the
exception
some
major
For almostoftwo
centuries,
religious
and did palace
the colonialists
little to
architecture.
adapt
their
European
architectural habits to the
tropical climate. The canals
became dumping grounds
for noxious waste and
sewage
and
an
ideal
Museum Jakarta - Old Cty - Jakarta K
breeding
ground
for
theanophelesmosquitos,
with
malaria
Contemporary
architecture
Central Park
Jakarta
Modern
Architect
ure in
Indonesia
Al-Irsyad Mosque
Location: Bandung,
Indonesia
Architect: PT. Urbane
Indonesia
Location:Kota Baru
Parahyangan,
Padalarang, Jawa Barat,
Indonesia
Client:PT. Belaputera
Intiland
Site
Area:8,000
sqm mosque that is shaped as a cube,
Description:
A modern
Project
sqmbuilt in 2009 and completed in 2010.
without aArea:970
dome. It was
Uses stacked stones as the main faade to create tectonic
effect, while embedding Islamic text/calligraphy on the
faade as a graphic element and reminder prayer. With a
capacity to accommodate approximately 1,000 people, the
mosque is also designed to blend in with nature. The
stacked stones allow for natural ventilation without the need
for air-conditioning. Surrounded by water, the ambient
temperature around the mosque will be lower during the hot
season. Once inside, the people are able to look out and
appreciate the external scenery.
Additional
Photos
Wisma 46
Location: Jakarta, Indonesia
Architects: Zeidler Roberts
Partnership
(Zeidler
Partnership Architects) and DP
Architects Private Ltd.
Type: Office, Retail
Architectural style: High-rise
Description: Currently the
tallest building in Indonesia.
The tower is a cuboid concrete
tower rising 200 m before a
sleek glass tower rises out of it
before culminating in a curved
spire. The glass tower has a
totally glass exterior unlike the
tower it rises from which has a
concrete exterior with square
windows. The building's design
is described as modern and
late-modernist. The tower has
48 floors above ground which
consist of offices only. There
Additional Photos
Sahid Perdana
Towers
Proposed
Architects: M. Ridwan
Kamil & A.D. Tardiyana
Location: Sahid City
Superblock
Additional photos
Peruri 88
Proposed
Location: Jakarta,
Indonesia
Year : 2012
Client : Wijiya Karya Benhill Property
Peruri 88 is approximately a
360,000 square-meter 88story high rise mixed-use
district in the heart of
Jakartas
capitol
region.
Designed to be the grandeur
of Peruri and Indonesia, Peruri
88
combines
residential,
hotel,
office,
retail
and
entertainment uses and is
envisioned as a modern iconic
and active public gathering
place for the city.
Additional photos
Central Park
Jakarta
Bakrie Tower
Architect: Hellmuth, Obata &
Kassabaum.
Building type: Skyscraper
Structural material:
Concrete
Faade material: Glass
Faade system: Curtain wall
Description: A 50-storey
office tower reaching the
height of 215 m with 64,856
sqm of useable area,
strategically located within the
Epicentrum Rasuna in the
heart of Jakartas golden
triangle. Developed with a
unique building architecture
concept and with considering
energy efficiency and
environment, its amazing
twists and interlocking design
makes Bakrie Tower the new
landmark in Jakartas prime
BCA Tower
Location: Central Jakarta
Architect: RKTL
Description: Menara become
Jakarta's tallest premium-grade
office building that incorporates
the latest design and structural
layoyts with state of art
technology all in an elegant,
business-friendly environment.
At level 3 of high speed lifts
there is a connection to the
mall, hotel, apartment and
entertainment centre. At level
11 has the swimming pool at
Platinum Fitness First' outdoor.
At level 56, one of Jakarta best
restaurants, with spectacular
views overlooking the city from
the outdoor penthouse balcony.
Pakubowono Signature
Location: Jakarta
Pakubowono Signature is the
last tower, the most luxurious
and the tallest among
Pakubuwono Residence (5
tower) and Pakubowno View (2
tower) residential complex at
Pakubuwono Street, Kebayoran
Baru, South Jakarta.
Pakubuwono Signature will
scrape Jakarta's sky with
counted 50 floor of residential
tower, official height is not open
for public yet, but with 50 floor
plus the antena this tower could
be reach 200m.
Equity Tower
Location: Jakarta
Building Uses:office, retail
Structural Types: Highrise
Materials: Glass, Reinforced
concrete
Description: Equity Tower is
a 44-storey office tower
located at the heart of
Sudirman Central Business
District, recognized to be the
most desirable area for
business and commerce in
Jakarta. Occupying a sizeable
area of 9,535 sq m on this
prime land, the design aims to
address the physical and
urban context and to create
an iconic landmark.
End.