Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Struktur Kristal
Metals
Cu-alloys
Ni-alloys
Ti-alloys
PE, PP, PC
PA (Nylon)
Alumina
Si-Carbide
Polymers,
elastomers
Ceramics,
glasses
GFRP
CFRP
Soda-glass
Pyrex
Composites
Butyl rubber
Neoprene
KFRP
Plywood
Woods
Polymer foams
Metal foams
Natural
materials
Foams
Ceramic foams
Glass foams
Natural fibres:
Hemp,
Cotton
Material Teknik
Jumlah material teknik sangat besar:
40.000 - 80.000 jenis.
Desainer harus memilih dan
menseleksi dari jumlah tersebut.
Tanpa acuan dan rujukan serta
pengetahuan, memilih material
menjadi masalah rumit dan
kompleks.
3
Terdapat Beribu
Processing Route
Cost
Performance
MATERIALS
Safety
SHAPE
Risk
MANUFACTURING
PROCESS
Aesthetics
Enviromental Impact
Recyclability
Materials vs Process
Casting
Forging
Welding
Metal
Machining
Polimer
Pressing
Keramik
Injection
Komposit
Molding
Subsitusi Material
Nylon 66
Aluminium
Keuntungan :
Mechanical Strength
Ductility
Impact Resistance
Behavior at temperature extremes
Thermal Conductivity
Electrical Conductivity
Wear resistance
Corrosion Resistance
7
KARAKTERISTIK MATERIALS
Sifat Fisik
Sifat Mekanik
Density
Creep
Conductivity
(thermal dan
heat)
Fatique
Impact
Efek
Perlakuan
Panas Thd
Sifat Mekanik
Efek
Lingkungan
Thd Sifat
Mekanik
Melting Temp
Coeff thermal
expantion
Microstructure
Surface
characteristic
Corrosion/
Wear
Rate of
Corrosion
&
Errosion/
wear
Key Relationships
Material properties depend on the material
microstructure, which in turn results from its
composition and processing
Processing Microstructure Properties
10
11
13
Amorphous Materials
Amorphous materials - Materials, including
glasses, that have no long-range order, or
crystal structure.
Glasses - Solid, non-crystalline materials that
have only short-range atomic order.
Glass-ceramics - A family of materials typically
derived from molten inorganic glasses and
processed into crystalline materials with very
fine grain size and improved mechanical
properties.
14
15
17
close
18
packed/heksagonal
7 sistem kristal
yang terbagi
menjadi 14 sel
satuan Bravais.
19
20
Definisi lattice
parameter atau
parameter kisi
pada sistem
kubik,
ortorombik dan
heksagonal.
21
FCC
HCP
22
FCC
HCP
23
24
(a)Pembagian
atom dalam
unit sel
(b)Contoh: simple
cubic (SC),
body centered
cubic (BCC),
and facecentered cubic
Example 1
Determining the Number of Lattice Points
in Cubic Crystal Systems
Determine the number of lattice points per cell in the cubic
crystal systems. If there is only one atom located at each
lattice point, calculate the number of atoms per unit cell.
Example 1 SOLUTION
In the SC unit cell: lattice point / unit cell = (8 corners)1/8 = 1
In BCC unit cells: lattice point / unit cell
= (8 corners)1/8 + (1 center)(1) = 2
In FCC unit cells: lattice point / unit cell
= (8 corners)1/8 + (6 faces)(1/2) = 4
The number of atoms per unit cell would be 1, 2, and 4, for the
simple cubic, body-centered cubic, and face-centered cubic,
unit cells, respectively.
25
Example 1
Determining the Number of Lattice Points
in Cubic Crystal Systems
Determine the number of lattice points per cell in the cubic
crystal systems. If there is only one atom located at each
lattice point, calculate the number of atoms per unit cell.
Example 1 SOLUTION
In the SC unit cell: lattice point / unit cell = (8 corners)1/8 = 1
In BCC unit cells: lattice point / unit cell
= (8 corners)1/8 + (1 center)(1) = 2
In FCC unit cells: lattice point / unit cell
= (8 corners)1/8 + (6 faces)(1/2) = 4
The number of atoms per unit cell would be 1, 2, and 4, for the
simple cubic, body-centered cubic, and face-centered cubic,
unit cells, respectively.
26
Pada sel satuan terlihat bahwa ada satu atom yang dikelilingi
oleh 8 atom lainnya sehingga kita bisa hitung berapa jumlah
atom pada sel satuan ini.
Pada BCC, ada satu atom lengkap bentuknya, kemudian ada 8
atom pada masing-masing ujung kisi.
Maka jumlah atom per sel satuan:
1 + (8 x 1/8) = 2 atom per sel satuan
27
Example.2
Determining the Relationship between
Atomic Radius and Lattice Parameters
Determine the relationship between the atomic radius
and the lattice parameter in SC, BCC, and FCC
structures when one atom is located at each lattice
point.
30
Example 2 SOLUTION
Referring to the Figure, we find that atoms touch along
the edge of the cube in SC structures.
a0
2r
a0
4r
a0
4r
2
31
3a 4 R
atau
4R
a
3
R = radius atom
32
Panjang kisi
(a, nm)
0.289
Radius atom
(R, nm)
0.125
Besi
0.287
0.124
Molibdenum
0.315
0.136
Potasium
0.533
0.231
Natrium
0.429
0.186
Tantalum
0.330
0.143
Tungsten
0.316
0.137
Vanadium
0.304
0.132
33
2a 4 R
atau
4R
a
2
34
Panjang kisi
(a, nm)
Radius atom
(R, nm)
Aluminum
0.405
0.143
Tembaga
0.3615
0.128
Emas
0.408
0.144
Timah hitam
0.495
0.175
Nikel
0.352
0.125
Platina
0.393
0.139
Perak
0.409
0.144
35