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UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNIVERSITY

College of Engineering
Graduation Projects Unit

Design of An Active Noise Reduction System


(Mechanical Engineering)

Students:
Mohammed Saber Bou-said
Khaled Ahmad Ashoor

200106411
200001533

Advisor: Dr. Farag K. Omar

Preview
Noise to be reduced to an acceptable level
in a desired area.
Designing an ANC system that contains
Microphones:
Microphones
Speakers
Processor

GPII: produce a working prototype of our


designed system.

Content
Theory
Steps performed in GPI
Steps performed in GPII:
Case study
Components Specifications
Alternatives for Processing
System Integration
System testing
System development based on the testing
feedback

Theory: ANC (general)


Introduction, benefits
Theory of noise canceling
by wave superposition

Applications of
active noise control:
Headsets
Industrial fans
AC ducts

Theory: ANC (Technical)


The different techniques of Active Control
Main components of ANC systems

Theory: Application
Bedroom or office
A fan producing undesirable noise
Noise cancellation through ANC

GPI: Summary
Literature review: Background Information
Defining application properties
Application Selection
Properties of Noise, Area, Fans

Defining constraints and limitations


Comparing alternatives: Components and placement
Design & simulation:
Room Modeling
Evaluation of the possibility of noise reduction at users area

Case Study
A student from electrical engineering made
a project of a sound recorder
Part of this project was interesting for our
project.
Helps to define the main components of the
processing part of the system.

Case
Project during industrial training
storing sound taken by a microphone into
a memory
playing it through headphones when
playback mode selected
A/D after Microphone, D/A before speaker
Microprocessor and program in between

Buffers & processing


Buffers may be used after taking original
noise and after processing
This is better than using a DAC and PC:
High speed of processing
Low probability of interruption

Fast processing:
To avoid adding another delay
To ensure a good response time for the system

Components Specifications
Components:
Microphone
Speaker
A/D & D/A
Processor

Specifications depending mainly on noise


properties
Some types of noise recorded and evaluated

Kitchen Fan Noise


Main frequencies: 21.9, 41.9, 62.9, 83.8, 104.22,
125.8, 145.8, 167.5, 184.5, 209.3, 228.9, 251.5,
272.4Hz
Considerable harmonics up to 300 Hz
Range of frequency for this noise: [20,300].

Office Fan Noise


Major frequencies: 16.7, 22.5, 45.2, 67.7, 89.9,
113, 134.8, 157.7
The range of frequency for this noise: [15, 250]

.System Specifications: Mic


Frequency range: [ 15, 1500]
Output suitable for the processor, mostly [-5,
5V]
Microphone called "tie-clip microphone"
Speaker compatible with these specifications

Digital Signal Processor


Maximum frequency
500Hz
Sampling frequency
must be at least 3
KS/s
Continuous Data
taking

Processor
Basic wave: f=20Hz, T=1/20= 0.05s= 50ms
Harmonics: f=500Hz, T=1/500= 0.002s= 2ms
Delay step: 0.5ms, up to 25ms
"Digital Delay Line containing A/D and D/A
converters

Single Chip Digital Delay IC

Processing Methods
A stand alone microprocessor chip with all
required input output circuits
A digital delay chip integrated with DAC
and controlled by LabView
A PCI card and LabView VI
A PC sound card with a LabView VI

Alternative No.2
Analyze the signal and reach
the delay value that minimizes
the error signal (SPL @ user)

Reference
Mic
source(
)signal
DAC

ErrorMic

Digital Delay
Line

Shifted Signal

Speaker

Alternative No.3 (DAQ & LabView)


Installing LabView on the PC
Installing Card Drivers on the PC
Assembling the DAQ inside the PC
Configuring & testing through provided
utility program. Two tests :
Analog input test
Analog output test

:Analog Input & Analog Output


LabView VI
function generator with the DAQ through
the input channel.
Input is processed by the VI
To oscilloscope through AO channel.

Sinusoidal Wave
Sinusoidal sound wave generated by function generator
Process: multiplication by -1
Output through AO channel to speaker
Physical delay by moving actuator

Results

Wave Delay Control VI

Operation with Real Noise


A fan noise recorded 10 minutes, then played from a
separate PC through a speaker. ------->source
Actuators placed near the source, as well as the
reference microphone
Basic microphone sensing noise
The delay tuned from the LabView VI user interface
Sound pressure level monitored using a SPL meter
placed at 3meters from the source.

.Mic

Processor
)LabView(

Band Filter

DAQ

Speaker

Ability to
add gain
instead of(
)amplifier

Results

Conclusion
Engineering design projects Procedure followed.
Noise reduction practically possible using wave superposition.
Difficulties: lower expectation
complete prototype of an active noise reduction system built, including:
Reference microphones to collect noise data.
Signal processing electronic circuits (amplifier, low-pass filter, etc)
Configured data acquisition system (Data acquisition card, PC and software code)
Output signal processing circuit.
Output speaker
Sound level meter to measure noise level at and around the user's location.

Thanks for Listening

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