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COMMUNICATION

DEFINITION
Latin word : to
share
Exchange of
information between
two or more
participants.

CHARACTERISTICS OF
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

must be a Sender and Receiver

Protocol : set of rules which governs the transfer of data


between computers. Protocols allow communication
between computers and networks. Protocols will
determine the speed of transmission, error checking
method, size of bytes, and whether synchronous or
asynchronous.

Handshaking : establish which protocols to use.


Handshaking controls the flow of data between computers.

BASIC COMPONENTS

Every communication system has 5 basic requirements


Data Source (where the data originates)
Transmitter (device used to transmit data)
Transmission Medium (cables or non cable)
Receiver (device used to receive data)
Destination (where the data will be placed)

TYPE OF DATA TRANSFER

Analog and Digital


Serial and Parallel

SERIAL AND PARALLEL


TRANSMISSION

Serial: Data is transmitted, on a single channel, one bit at a time one


after another.
Parallel :each bit has its own piece of wire along which it
travels.
Often used to send data to a printer.
All bits are sent simultaneously

THEN WHY WE DONT USE


PARALLEL OVER SERIAL
TRANSMISSION

Due to inconsistencies on channels data


arrives at different times
Because of the way it is transmitted packet
switching cannot be used
The above two points makes parallel slower
than serial and requires higher bandwidth.
Parallel transmissions are rarely used
anymore

PACKETS

Transmissions are broken up


into smaller units or data
transmissions called packets.

SYNCHRONOUS AND
ASYNCHRONOUS
TRANSMISSION

Synchronous Transmission

all data sent at once and no packet switching

Asynchronous Transmission

Uses stop/ start bits


most common type of serial data transfer
Allows packet switching
Allows sharing of bandwidth (i.e. talk on
phone while another person is using internet)

TRANSMISSION
DIRECTION

Simplex: One direction only

Half duplex: Both directions but only one


direction at a time.

Full duplex : send and receive both directions at


once.

BARRIERS TO
COMMUNICATION

Language: Communication message might not use


the vocabulary that is understood by the receiver.
Eg.) too much technical language
Gaps: Too many intermediates or layers that
message have to pass, distorts the message
Inconsistency: When people receive conflicting
messages, they either block them or ignore them
Overload : Too much information can cause slow
decision making
Emotion : Relationship between sender and receiver
might adversely affect the message.
Noise: Due to poor connection, background noise,
distraction etc.

WAYS TO OVERCOME
COMMUNICATION
BARRIER

Active listening
Emotional state
Avoid information overload
Proper media selection
Giving constructing feedbacks
Use of simple and clear language
Reducing noise levels

Thank
you

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