POWERPOINT PRESENTATION ON

PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC
CONTROLLERS(PLC)

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION
MAJOR COMPONENTS OF COMMON PLC

SYSTEM
COMPARISON B/W PLC & RELAY
PLC OPERATION SEQUENCE
PLC PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
PLC SIZE
ADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS

What is a PLC ?
A PLC is a solid state control system that continuously

monitors the status of devices connected as inputs.

Based upon a user written program, stored in memory,
it controls the status of devices connected as outputs.

DEFINITION OF PLC
A digital electronic device that uses a programmable

memory to store instructions and to implement

specific functions such as logic, sequence, timing,
counting and arithmetic to control machines and
process.
A PLC is a computer designed to work in an
industrial environment.

MAJOR COMPONENTS OF COMMON PLC SYSTEM

MAJOR COMPONENTS OF PLC Contd.

POWER SUPPLY
It provides the voltage needed to run the primary PLC components.

INPUT MODULES
It accepts and converts signals from sensors into a logic signal.

OUTPUT MODULES
It converts control signal instructions a signal that can be used by
actuators.

PROGRAMMING DEVICE
The programming terminal is used for programming the PLC and
monitoring/sequencing PLCs operation.

Contd.
PROCESSOR
It is the brain of PLC and governs the activities of the entire PLC
system.
The CPU consists of following blocks: Arithmetic Logic
Unit(ALU), Internal memory of CPU, Internal timers, Counters
& Flags.
The various operations performed are: Scanning I/O bus traffic
control, Program execution, Peripheral and External device
communication etc.

MEMORY
It is the component that stores information, programs and data

in memory.
Types of memories used in PLC are- RAM & ROM.

COMPARISON B/W PLC & RELAY

1. It eliminates the hard wiring associated with
2.
3.
4.
5.

conventional relay control circuit.

It is small and inexpensive compared to equivalent
relay based process control.
Capable of simulating a hundred relay, timers and
counters.
Easy to program and install.
It can be designed with communication capabilities
that allow them to converse with other computer
systems or to provide human interfaces.

PLC OPERATION SEQUENCE

SELF TEST
Testing of its own hardware & software for faults.

CHECK INPUT STATUS

First the PLC takes a look at each I/O to determine if it is on or
off.

EXECUTE PROGRAM
Next the PLC executes the program one instruction at a time.

UPDATE OUTPUT STATUS

Finally the PLC updates the status of the outpts. It updates the
outputs based on which inputs were on during first step.

PLC PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

PLC programming languages refers to the method by

which user communicates information to the PLC.

LADDER LOGIC is the oldest programming
language for PLC.
It is well suited to express Combinational logic.
The main ladder logic symbols represent the elements:

LADDER LOGIC FOR BASIC GATES

Contd.

PLC SIZE
SMALL: It covers up to 128 I/O and memories up to

2Kb. It is capable of providing simple to advanced

level of machine control.
MEDIUM: It have up to 2048 I/O and memories up to
32KB. Special I/O modules to make PLCs adaptable to
temperature, pressure and any analog function
encountered in process control applications.
LARGE: The most sophisticated unit of PLCs family.
They have 16000 I/Os and memories up to 2Mb. It has
almost unlimited applications and can control
indiviual production process or entire plants.

ADVANTAGES OF PLC
Realiability
Flexibility in programming and reprogramming.
Cost effective for controlling complex systems.
Small physical size.
High speed of operation.
Ability to communicate with computer systems in

plant.
Ease of maintenance.
Reduced space.
Energy saving.

APPLICATIONS OF PLC
Whenever automation is desired the PLCs are best

suited to meet the task.

PLCs were originally used to substitute the switching
relay networks used in industrial applications, but
now they can be used to implement other tasks such
as timing, delaying counting etc.
Some examples of industries using PLCs are:
Food/ Beverage
Material Handling
Robot manufacturing and control
Conveyor System etc.

THANK YOU