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Chapter 8

From the
Appalachians to the
Rockies
1770-1828
New Territories in the West
War of 1812

Pages 144-147

Daniel Boone

Adopted as a blood brother to the Indians.


They taught him many hunting and woodland
secrets. Blazed the trail through the
Cumberland Gap.

John Finley
Told

Daniel Boone stories of a land


beyond the mountains that the Indians
called Ken-ta-ke (Kentucky).

Cumberland Gap
Trail

that settlers could use to go from


North Carolina to Kentucky
Also known as Warriors Path

Big Bone Lick


A

large salt lake and salt springs


An entire valley littered with bones of
dinosaurs who had once come to lick the
salt.

Salt Discovery
The

Salt deposits of Kentucky were a


valuable discovery, for salt was the main
preservative of the time.

Wilderness Road
A trail almost 300 miles long through the
Cumberland Gap from North Carolina to
Louisville, Kentucky, on the Ohio River.

Boonesborough
Daniel Boone built a fort not far south of
the present city of Lexington, Kentucky.
This fort became the town of
Boonesborough.

Scots-Irish
Pioneer

settlers that settled in Kentucky


& Tennessee
Settlers who came from the section of
Northern Ireland called Ulster

Kentucky
Became the first frontier or western state

Northwest Territory - The

following states would come from


this
land:
Ohio
Indiana
Illinois
Michigan
Wisconsin
(and

part of Minnesota)

Land Ordinance of 1785


Ordered

accurate surveys of the land to


divide it into townships six miles square
Each township was subdivided into 36
sections of one square mile each, or 640
acres.
The ordinance set aside one section of
each township for public education.

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

It called for Congress to administer the new


territory by appointing a governor and three
judges to govern on behalf of the settlers.
When the population reached 5,000 adult
males, the voters could elect their own
representative assembly.
When the population reached 60,000 people, it
could become a state.

Special Provisions of the


Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Religious

liberty
Freedom of speech
The right to trial by jury
Prohibited slavery
Public Schools w/ religious instruction

General Anthony Wayne

Defeated the Indians at the Battle of Fallen Timbers

Treaty of Greenville
Established a boundary line between
Indian lands and the areas open to new
settlement

Ohio
In

1803, Ohio became the first state of


the Northwest Territory to be admitted to
the Union.

Pages 147-153

Flatboat
Large rafts with flat bottoms that pioneers
used to follow the rivers west

New Orleans
Port city on the Mississippi River that
controlled all shipping in the West

The

issue of American rights and


settlement in the West would be the most
important issue during the Presidency of
Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809).

Napoleon Bonaparte
French dictator. He planned to build his New
World Empire in Louisiana, with New Orleans
as his capital city. He forced the Spanish to
close the Mississippi River to American
trade.

The

closing of the Mississippi River to


American trade hurt many American
farmers and merchants.

Spring 1803
France

faced war with Great Britain, and


Napoleon needed money to buy
weapons. America saw this as an
opportunity to buy Louisiana from
France.

Robert Livingston

Was sent by President Jefferson to buy New


Orleans or at least negotiate American
shipping rights on the Mississippi

Louisiana Territory
Bought

for $15,000,000 on April 30, 1803


Less than 4 cents an acre
This more than doubled the size of the
United States

Meriwether Lewis

Was sent by President Jefferson to explore


the newly acquired Louisiana Purchase

William Clark

Asked to join Lewis in case something would


happen to him.

May 14, 1804


Lewis & Clark began their expedition with
two dugout canoes and a larger boat
named Discovery.

Teton Sioux
Excellent

horsemen who lived in tepees


and followed the buffalo up and down the
plains.

Mandans

Lived

in permanent villages along the


Missouri River in North Dakota, where
they farmed small plots of land and
waited for the migration of the buffalo,
which came in the Spring.

Sacagawea
Means Bird Woman.
Belonged to the Shoshoni tribe originally, but
was kidnapped as a child by a rival Indian
tribe and had eventually settled among the
Mandan.
She accompanied Lewis & Clark on their
expedition along with her husband, and
helped Lewis & Clark buy horses from the
Shoshoni.

Sacagawea
http://youtu.be/PnT0k9wdDZo

Montana
Big Sky Country

The Shoshoni
When

Lewis and Clark reached the


Shoshoni camp, Sacagawea realized
that the chief was her brother. With
Sacagawea as their interpreter, the
explorers had no problem getting the
horses and guides they needed.

November 7, 1805
Lewis & Clark reached the Pacific Ocean

Chinook Indians
Helped

Lewis and Clark find food in


exchange for presents during the winter
of 1805-1806 while they were on the
Pacific coast.

September 23, 1806


Lewis & Clark arrived at St. Louis,
Missouri, having completed a 8,000 mile
journey

Zebulon Pike

Sent by President Jefferson to explore the southern


half of Louisiana

Pikes Peak

14,110 foot summit

Santa Fe
Pike

and his squadron was held captive


here for several months before being
allowed to return home

Haciendas
Spanish

ranches

Pages 153-158

Alexander Hamilton

One of our Founding Fathers and the first


secretary of the treasury. He died in a duel
with Aaron Burr

Aaron Burr
Jeffersons

Vice President

Barbary Pirates
Pirates

who controlled the northern


shore of Africa. American merchant ships
trading in the Mediterranean Sea had to
pay an annual tribute to the pirates.

Neutrality
In

1803, Great Britain and France went


to war. President Jefferson declared
neutrality, meaning that the United States
would not take sides in the conflict.

Impressment
The

British navy began to capture


American sailors and force them to serve
on British warships.

Embargo Act of 1807


An

embargo is the act of limiting or


stopping trade with other nations.
The Embargo Act stopped all trade with
Europe. This caused an economic
depression in the United States.

War Hawks
A

group of Congressmen from the


southern and western states wanted to
call for war with Great Britain.

Henry Clay

Speaker of the House


A leading War Hawk representing Kentucky

James Madison

4th President of the United States

The Prophet
Learned that a solar eclipse would occur
on a certain day from a Canadian trader
this is what made him appear to be a
prophet.

Tecumseh

Organized the tribes for war against the American


settlers

New Madrid Quake


The most violent earthquake in American
history

William Henry Harrison

Defeated the Indians at the Battle of Tippecanoe

War of 1812
Began in June 1812

Constitution
American

Warship
Nicknamed Old Ironside because
cannonballs that were fired at the
Constitution appeared to bounce off the
sides of the ship.

Oliver Hazard Perry

Defeated the British at the Battle of lake Erie


We have met the enemy and they are ours.

Battle of Thames River


General

Harrison won a victory over


Indian war parties and British troops
Tecumseh was killed in this battle

Battle of Horseshoe Bend


Led

by Andrew Jackson
The Tennesseans met and defeated the
Creek Indians

August 24, 1814


The British burned the White
House and the capitol building
in retaliation for the burning of
the Canadian capital of York,
Ontario.

Francis Scott Key

Wrote our national anthem The StarSpangled Banner

Battle of New Orleans


Led

by Andrew Jackson
The British retreated with heavy losses
This was the last great battle of the War
of 1812.
The war actually ended 2 weeks before

Treaty of Ghent
Ended

the War of 1812. Signed in


Europe in December 1814.

Hartford Convention
December

1814. A convention of
delegates met in Hartford, Connecticut to
condemn the war and declare the right of
a state to nullify (cancel) an act of
congress.

Results of the War of 1812


A

new-found respect for one anothers


claims in North America (United States &
Great Britain)
Spurred growth of manufacturing in the
Northeast
The Presidents mansion became known
as the White House

Pages 158-162

James Monroe

5th President of the United States

Virginia Dynasty
A

group of Virginia leaders who guided


our country in the early years of our
history
Thomas Jefferson
James Madison
James Monroe

Protective Tariffs

The Federalists called for Protective Tariffs to


keep foreign goods out of the US after the war
to protect the manufacturing centers of the
northeast until they became strong enough to
compete with Britain.
The Democratic-Republicans in the South and
West opposed this. They needed free trade to
exchange their agricultural products for
European goods.

2nd Bank of the United States


Chartered

in 1816 since the charter for


the original bank had expired in 1811,
which caused state-chartered private
banks to issue paper money that they
could not back by silver or gold.

Nationalism
National

pride

Era of Good Feelings


James

Monroes second term


National growth and cooperation

Florida
Before 1819, Florida belonged to Spain
The Spanish failed to preserve law and order
in Florida and used the region as a base to
attack American settlers
In 1818, Jackson invaded Spanish Florida

Adams-Onis Treaty

Spain asked the US to forgive all charges


against them and agreed to cede Florida to
the United States in 1819.

Missouri
1st state to be located entirely west of the
Mississippi River

Duty
Fee

placed on imported goods.

The Missouri Compromise of 1820


Admitted

Maine to the Union as a free

state
Provided for the admission of Missouri
as a slave state

The Monroe Doctrine


Prohibited any future colonization in the
New World by European powers. This
prepared the way for future American
expansion in the West.

Election of 1824
Four

men ran for presidency:

John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts


Andrew Jackson of Tennessee
Henry Clay of Kentucky
William Crawford of Georgia

Sectionalism
Voting

for the candidate who would do


the most for your section

John Quincy Adams


6th

President

National Republicans
Supported

a program of nationalism
Wanted a strong central government

Democrats
Took

up the cause of states rights and


sectionalism

July 4, 1826
50th

anniversary of Americas
independence
Both Thomas Jefferson and John Adams
died on this day.

th

Andrew Jackson
President of the United States
The Man from Tennessee

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