8051 SERIES OF

MICROCONTROLLERS

OUTLINES
Comparison of microprocessors & microcontrollers
Advantages of microcontrollers
Embedded systems
Choose a microcontroller
Speed, packaging, memory & cost per unit
Various members of 8051 family
Various manufacturers of 8051

MICROCONTROLLER VS.
MICROPROCESSORS

EMBEDDED COMPUTING SYSTEMS

Use

a microprocessor or microcontroller to
do one task only
Printer

PC

used for any number of applications

Word

processor, print-server, bank teller

terminal, video game player, network server,
internet terminal

PC

contains or is connected to various

embedded products
Keyboard,

printer, modem, disk controller, sound

card, CD-ROM driver, mouse
4

X86

PC embedded applications

EMBEDDED PRODUCTS USING

MICROCONTROLLERS

Home

Appliances,

intercom, telephones, security systems,

garage door openers, answering machines, fax
machines, home computers, TVs, cable TV tuner,
VCR, camcorder, remote controls, video games,
cellular phones, musical instruments, sewing
machines, lighting control, paging, camera, pinball
machines, toys, exercise equipment

EMBEDDED PRODUCTS USING

MICROCONTROLLERS

Office

Telephones,

computers, security systems, fax

machines, microwave, copier, laser printer, color
printer, paging

EMBEDDED PRODUCTS USING

MICROCONTROLLERS

Auto

Engine

control, air bag, ABS, instrumentation,

security system, transmission control, entertainment,
climate control, keyless entry

CHOOSING A MICROCONTROLLER

Computing needs
Speed,

packaging, power consumption, RAM, ROM,

I/O pins, timers, upgrade to high performance or lowpower versions, cost

Software development tools

Assembler,

support

debugger, C compiler, emulator, technical

Availability & source

COMPANIES PRODUCING 8051

Table

1-2:Some Companies Producing a

Member of the 8051 Family
Company

Web Site

Intel

www.intel.com/design/mcs51

Atmel

www.atmel.com

Philips/Signetics

www.semiconductors.philips.com

Siemens

www.sci.siemens.com

Dallas Semiconductor

www.dalsemi.com

INSIDE 8051 MICROCONTROLLER

Introduced

by Intel in 1981

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PACKAGES

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8051 ARCHITECTURE

8051 architecture contains the following:

8 bit CPU with registers A and B

A Program counter(PC) and data pointer(DPTR)

8 bit program status word(PSW)
8 bit stack pointer

Internal ROM of 0(8031) to 4K(8051)

Internal RAM of 128 Bytes

4 register banks 00-1f

16 bytes(bit addressable) 20-2f

80 bytes of general purpose data memory 30-7f

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8951 ARCHITECTURE
32

I/O pins arranged as four 8 bit ports

(P0 P3)
2 16-bit timer/counters: T0 and T1
Full duplex serial data
receiver/transmitter: SBUF
Control registers: TCON, TMOD, SCON,
PCON, IP and IE
2 external and 3 internal interrupt
sources
Oscillator and clock circuits

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8051 FAMILY

Table 1-4:Comparison of 8051 Family Members

Feature

8051

8052

4K

8k

0k

128

256

128

Timers

I/O pins

32

32

32

Serial port

Interrupt sources

ROM (on chip program space in bytes)

RAM (bytes)

8031

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AT89C51
Compatible with MCS-51 Products
4K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash
Memory
Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz
Three-Level Program Memory Lock
128 x 8-Bit Internal RAM
32 Programmable I/O Lines
Two 16-Bit Timer/Counters
Six Interrupt Sources
Programmable Serial Channel
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Low Power Idle and Power Down Modes

VARIOUS 8051 MICROCONTROLLERS

8751

microcontroller

UV-EPROM

AT89C51
Flash

from Atmel Corporation

(erase before write)

DS5000

from Dallas Semiconductor

NV-RAM

(changed one byte at a time), RTC

(real-time clock)

OTP

(one-time-programmable) version of

8051
8051 family from Philips
AD,

DA, extended I/O, OTP and flash

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89C51 MICROCONTROLLER

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OSCILLATOR CONNECTIONS

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PORT OPERATIONS
Total 4 ports
Port 0 may serve as inputs, outputs, or as a low
order address and data bus for external memory.
Port 1 may be used as input/output port.
Port 2 may be used as input/output or high order
address byte.
Port 3 may be used as an input/output and for
some alternate function.

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PORT OPERATIONS
Pin

Alternate use SFR

P3.0-RXD Serial data input SBUF
P3.1-TXD Serial data output SBUF
P3.2-INT0~ Ext. Int. 0 TCON.1
P3.3-INT1~ Ext. Int. 1 TCON.3
P3.4-T0 Ext. Tim. 0 TMOD
P3.4-T1 Ext. Tim. 1 TMOD
P3.6-WR~ Ext. Mem write pulse
P3.7-RD~ Ext. Mem Read pulse

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PORT OPERATIONS
To read and write from port:
MOV A, P0 or MOV A,80h
- This copies data from port 0 pins to
register A.
MOV P1, #0a5h or MOV 90h,#0a5h
- This moves a constant number into port1.
Moving data to a port changes the port
latch, moving data from a port gets data
from the port pins.

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