CDMA1900&UMTS2100 Interference

Ben Sun
Product Marketing Deputy Director
Antenna and Sub-Systems Business Unit
Ben.sun@comba-telecom.com

www.comba-telecom.com
1

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Agenda
Background (Smartfren & XL spectrum introduction)
Basic Interference Issues

Transmitter Spurious Emission

Receiver Blocking
Receiver inter-modulation

Summary

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Background

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WCDMA 2100 (3GPP) CDMA 1900 (3GPP2)

Mixed Frequency Allocation in Indonesia
CDMA1900
- UL: 1850-1910MHz
- DL: 1930-1990MHz

WCDMA21000
- UL: 1920-1980MHz
- DL: 2110-2170MHz

Guard band is only 3.125MHz (WCDMA UL to Smart1900

DL)
Ch 1075

1983.125

Ch 1100

1984.375

1983.750

1985.625

1985.000

Ch 1125

Ch 1150

1986.875

1986.250

Ch 1175

1988.125

1987.500

1989.375

1988.750

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Smartfren &XL case introduction

13.125MHz guard band from DL of Smartfren and UL of XL UL
With new Carriers, there will be only 3.125MHz
XL Station

Smartfren Station

Antenna
Isolation

Transmit Unit

Receive Unit

Receiver

Rx
Filter

RX
Feeder
Loss

TX
1 3.125 MHz

1960.00

PA

Tx Carrier &
Tx Carrier &
Interference Levels Interference Levels
At Filter Output
At AMP Output

Rx Interference
Rx Interference
Level at Receiver Input
Level

RX

Tx
Filter

TX
Feeder
Loss

1970.00

3.125 MHz

1980.00

Ch
1075

Ch
1100

Ch 1125
Ch
1150

Ch 1175

1983.125
1984.375
1985.625
1986.875
1988.125
1989.375
1983.750
1985.000
1986.250
1987.500
1988.750

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Basic Interference Issues

Interference is mainly caused by transmitter non-linearities and
imperfect receiver filtering.
Spurious Emission from CDMA1900 BTS

Out of band emission (sideband noise)

Spurious emission (inter-modulation)

Receiver Characteristics (WCDMA2100 BTS)

Receiver Blocking
Receiver Inter-modulation

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Transmitter Sideband Noise

Interference cannot be removed at the interfered receiver ( fRX), and
results in receiver desensitization

a reduction in receiver sensitivity for desired channel performance.

Attenuation of this in-band interference is by:

Additional transmit band filtering

Increase Guard band between transmitter and receiver spectrum
Increase Tx and Rx Antenna separation
Guard Band
> 1.98 MHz

Power

Tx Power

Tx Sideband Noise

Rx Noise Floor
Tx Sideband Level
Rx Sensitivity

f RX

fTX

WDCMA UL

CDMA1900 DL

Frequency

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Transmit Sideband Noise Levels

CDMA1900 (3GPP2 C.S0010-C v2.0)
For f Within the
range

Applies to multiple
Carriers

Emission limit
-13dBm/1kHz; 9kHz<f<150kHz

>4MHz (ITU
Category A only )

-13dBm/10kHz;150kHz<f<30MHz

Yes

-13dBm/100kHz;30MHz<f<1GHz
-13dBm/1MHz; 1GHz<f<5GHz

Translated into WCDMA UL bandwidth:

Pemi 13 dBm / 1MHz 10 log(3.84 / 1) 7.2 dBm / 3.84MHz

For 3.84MHz, the thermal noise floor with Noise Figure (3dB) is given by

Pnr 10 log kTB NF 108 dBm 3dB 105dBm

The amount of noise rise (in dB) at WCDMA receiver can be computed by

Pint Pn ,r
NRr dB 10 log
Pnr

P
10 log 1 int
Pnr

dB

Assume a 1dB noise rise is acceptable, then out of band emission power at
UMTS receiver will be lower than -111dBm
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Antenna Isolation
Vertical Isolation

dv

dv
I v 28 40 log
dB

Horizontal Isolation
dh
GTx GRx dB

I h 22 20 log
Vertical distance

ANT Isolation
(dB)

vertical distance (m)

wavelength (m)
dh
GTx
GRx

Horizontal
distance

horizontal distance (m)

Tx Antenna gain (dBi)
Rx Antenna gain (dBi)
ANT Isolation (dB)

0.5m

60

0.5m

41

1m

60

1m

45

2m

65

2m

47

3m

80

3m

50

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Non Co-location Deployment

CDMA1900 out of band emission (3GPP2)

0 m vertical is used

Pemi 7.2 dBm / 3.84MHz

1dB noise rise for WCDMA2100, maximum
interfered noise is Pint=-111dBm/3.84MHz
Minimum ANT isolation:

ILANT 7.2 dBm (111dBm) 103.8dB

To think over a worst case with 200m
Horizontal isolation with 50dB ANT isolation
Will need a TX filter rejection 53.8dB

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Worst Case

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Measurement Results
Case 1(Test out of band emissions):

As TX of CDMA1900 is too strong, the spectrum dynamic is not

enough to catch out of band emissions, only way is to use a XL filter to
lower down the CDMA signal first

Note: ATT from BTS to XL filter is around 36dB (33dB for coupling, 3dB
for cables)
XL filter rejection to 1983-1990MHz is 45dB
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Measurement Results
Test Curves

Mar 2 :-81dBm/100K@1980MHz

Compensate 36dB loss, out of band

noise is-81+36=-45dBm/100kHz

Equals to -29dBm/3.84MHz

Take 10dB tolerance for difference

BTS, then -19dBm/3.84MHz

Then minimum Isolation for ANT

should be -19-(111)=92dB

Conclusion:

Out of band emission is better than 3GPP2, if ANT isolation is more than 92dB,
then no need filters, but lower than 92dB should use filters
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Measurement Results
Test Curves (Adding Smart filters)

Out of band emissions

disappeared with filters

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Measurement Results
What we calculated out is based on new carriers (1970-1980MHz), how
about XL existing sites (1960-1970MHz)?
From the curves right we assume 40dB (30dB better than 1980MHz)
rejection on 1970MHz (CDMA TX filter inside BTS)
Why 40dB?
Normally PA of BTS is around 65dBc,
then 43-65=-22dBm/1.25M, means
-19dBm/3.84MHz.
From the testing result,
-29dBm/3.84MHz, then filter should be
10dB rejection on 1980MHz
With the same slope, 40dB@ 1970MHz
For XL existing sites, isolation higher than 92-30=62dB, then no
need filters, if smaller than 62dB, will use filters
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WCDMA Receiver Imperfection

Receiver Desensitization and

Inter-modulation

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Receiver Blocking (Desensitisation)

Results when a strong transmit carrier that falls outside the
passband of a receiver enters the receiver and blocks
the working of the receiver.
Blocking occurs due to non-ideal receiver filtering, which is unable
to reject the strong out-of-band carriers.
BTS
Transmitter

Rx Filter Response

Ant

PA

Out-of-Band
Carrier

Insufficient
Rejection

Rx
Filter
Receiver

LNA

f RX

fTX

f RX

fTX

Receiver

Transmitter

f
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Receiver Blocking (Desensitisation)

Out-of-band transmit carriers must be prevented from entering the
receiver using a combination of the following:

Additional receive band filtering

Increase Guard band between transmitter and receiver spectrum
Increase Tx and Rx Antenna separation

UMTS2100 (3GPP 25.104 v11.1.0)

+16dBm for co-location

-40dBm for CDMA1900 (3GPP2), normally BTS is at least 10dB better
here. We can take -30dB for calculation

For Smart 5x43dBm carriers

Total isolation need 50+30dB= 80dB ANT isolation, is smaller than

80dB, then it will need to add RX filters

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Receiver Intermodulation
Results when 2 or more strong off- or in-channel transmit carriers
enters and saturates the receiver
Non-linearities in the receiver results in IM generation.
Guard Band
Power

Tx Power
Max Permissible Tx Level Entering Rx

Generated IM Level in Rx

Rx Noise
Floor

fTX 2 fTX 1

f RX

Frequency

The out-of-band signals must be prevented from entering the

receiver using a combination of the following:

Additional receive band filtering

Increase Guard band between Tx and Rx spectrum
Increase Tx to Rx antenna separation
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GSM900 Receiver Intermodulation

In general, the 3rd Order Intermodulation (IM) products for input 2
carrier signals are given by

IM 3 3Pc 2 IIP3

where
IM3
Pc
IIP3

: Input power of 3rd order products [dBm]

: Input power level of each carrier [dBm]
: Input 3rd order intercept point of BTS [dBm]

Assuming that the WCDMA BTS has IIP3 = -5 dBm, and a maximum
allowable input IM3 of -111dBm/3.84MHz, then maximum input
power is P IM 2 IIP 3 -40 dBm
c

For Smart 5x43dBm carriers

Total isolation need 50-(-40)dB= 90dB ANT isolation, is smaller than

80dB, then it will need to add RX filters
If 5th order, around 80dB (1970-1975MHz), 7th order (1965-1970MHz)
70dB, 9th order 60dB(1960-1965MHz)
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Summary
TX filter
ANT isolation smaller than 92dB need filter for channel 12 (19751980MHz)
ANT isolation smaller than 77dB need filter for channel 11 (19701975MHz)
ANT isolation smaller than 62dB need filter for channel 10 (19651970MHz)
RX Filter
ANT isolation smaller than 90dB need filter for channel 12 (19751980MHz)
ANT isolation smaller than 80dB need filter for channel 11 (19701980MHz)
ANT isolation smaller than 70dB need filter for channel 10 (19761970MHz)
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