Two Stroke Engines

Will need CDX Disk 4-1 on day 2

2 Stoke Engines
Everything a 4
stroke engine does
in 2 revolutions a 2
stroke engine does
in 1 revolution of
the crankshaft

11/2001

2 Stroke Engines
The next page in your notebooks
will be 2 stroke engines page
#_________
There will be a 2 Stroke Quiz
_______
Lets start with the names of the
parts
11/2001

2 Stoke Engines part

names
Still uses a flywheel
Cylinder
Combustion
(not shown)
Exhaust port
chamber
Crankcase

Reed valve
Piston
Connecting
Intake port
Rod
Transfer port

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Crankshaft

2 Stroke Engines

Turn your page over and lets start with the strok

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Intake/________ Stroke
TDC

BDC

Reed Valve
Is sucked
open

Piston moves from

BDC to TDC
Air/Fuel/Oil mixture is sucked into crankcase
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6

Compare intake strokes

Two Stroke

Piston BDC to TDC

A/F/O mixture
sucked into
crankcase

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Four Stroke

Piston TDC to BDC

A/F mixture
sucked into
cylinder

Down to bottom of page

TDC

BDC

Reed Valve
Shuts

Piston gets to
TDC
Air/Fuel/Oil mixture is now trapped in crankcase
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8

Crankcase compression

(primary

compression)

TDC

BDC

Reed Valve
sealing

Piston moves back

To BDC

Air/Fuel/Oil mixture is now pressurized in crankca

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9

Crankcase compression
Is only a few pounds of pressure per
square inch (psi) [very weak]
Cylinder compression in a four
stroke engine was several psi [very
strong]

The crankcase in a two stroke

engine has to be very small so we
can build some pressure when the
piston is moving to BDC
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10

What is going to happen

when the top of piston
gets to here?
Crankcase
Compression

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11

A/F/O mixture squirts into

cylinder because of crankcase
compression

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12

Piston reaches BDC

Cylinder fills with
A/F/O mixture

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13

Compression
Intake/________
Stroke

Another A/F/O mixture is sucked into crankcase while

First one is compressed in cylinder
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14

Down to bottom of page

TDC

BDC

Piston is pounded
Down the cylinder

Piston gets to
TDC
Air/Fuel/Oil mixture is ignited in cylinder
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15

Blow-by adds to crankcase

compression

Crankcase
Compression

What is going to happen when the piston gets her

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16

Power/Exhaust Stroke

(TDC-

BDC)
TDC

BDC

Still closed

Exhaust port is uncovered and exhaust starts leav

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17

Whats going to happen

when the piston gets back
OK,
I
get
to TDC
it !

ANOTHER
POWER
STROKE
11/2001

18

Every time the

piston reaches TDC,
there is another
power stroke !

11/2001

19

Lets make a chart

Stroke

Piston

A/F/O Mixture

Intake/Compression BTC-TDC Sucked into crankcase, another squeezed in cylinder

Power/Exhaust
TDC-BDC Blows-up and leaves, another squeezed in crankcase

11/2001

20

Lets make a chart

Stroke

Piston

A/F/O Mixture

Intake/Compression BTC-TDC Sucked into crankcase, another squeezed in cylinder

Power/Exhaust
TDC-BDC Blows-up and leaves, another squeezed in crankcase

11/2001

21

Lets make a chart

Stroke

Piston

A/F/O Mixture

Intake/Compression BTC-TDC Sucked into crankcase, another squeezed in cylinder

Power/Exhaust
TDC-BDC Blows-up and leaves, another squeezed in crankcase

11/2001

22

Lets make a chart

Stroke

Piston

A/F/O Mixture

Intake/Compression BTC-TDC Sucked into crankcase, another squeezed in cylinder

Power/Exhaust
TDC-BDC Blows-up and leaves, another squeezed in crankcase

11/2001

23

Lets make a chart

Stroke

Piston

A/F/O Mixture

Intake/Compression BTC-TDC Sucked into crankcase, another squeezed in cylinder

Power/Exhaust
TDC-BDC Blows-up and leaves, another squeezed in crankcase

11/2001

24

Lets make a chart

Stroke

Piston

A/F/O Mixture

Intake/Compression BTC-TDC Sucked into crankcase, another squeezed in cylinder

Power/Exhaust
TDC-BDC Blows-up and leaves, another squeezed in crankcase

11/2001

25

Lets make a chart

Stroke

Piston

A/F/O Mixture

Intake/Compression BTC-TDC Sucked into crankcase, another squeezed in cylinder

Power/Exhaust
TDC-BDC Blows-up and leaves, another squeezed in crankcase

11/2001

26

Lets make a chart

Stroke

Piston

A/F/O Mixture

Intake/Compression BTC-TDC Sucked into crankcase, another squeezed in cylinder

Power/Exhaust
TDC-BDC Blows-up and leaves, another squeezed in crankcase

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27

Reed valve on the side of

crankcase

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28

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29

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30

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31

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32

Tuned Exhaust

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33

Tuned Exhaust

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34

Tuned Exhaust

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35

Tuned Exhaust

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36

Power stroke every

revolution

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37

Lets watch CDX Disk 4-1

Look for two stroke with no reed valve

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38

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39

Oil mixing
Pre-mix

Have to mix
before filling tank

Oil injection

Has separate fuel

and oil tank and
carburetor to mix
proper amounts

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40

Advantages
2 Stroke

Smaller/lighter
Cheaper
Less friction
No oil to change
Quicker
acceleration
Operate at
different angles

11/2001

4 Stroke

More efficient
No oil to mix
Less emissions
Less exhaust
smoke
More low RPM
power

41

Fuel to Oil mixtures

16 to 1 25 to 1 32 to 1
40 to 1 50 to 1 75 to 1
100 to
1

Look in owners manual for exact ratio for your engin

11/2001

42

32 to 1 Mix

5
gals
Think
X
.
128
.
32 parts640
of gasoline
to
part of oil
20
How
oz
ozs
ofam
of
oil1fuel
Ifor
ozs
Think
would
. give
. of oil
32 ounces
of
gas
to
1
ounce
going
divided
640 oz
toof
by
figure
fuel
32 .
32 pints ofme
Think
. .1 pint
. 640
. of
. oil
gas
to
or
this
5
gallons
.
.
out?
.
32 quarts
of
gas to
quart
of oil
Think
ozs
of
. 1. fuel
Think
5 gallon gas can = How many ounces
of oil
1 pint
= 16 oz

2 pints = 1 qt
1 quart = 32 oz
4 quarts in a gal
32 X 4 = 128
1 gal = 128 oz

11/2001

128
X 5
640

20
32 640
64

43

Fuel to Oil mixtures

16 to 1 25 to 1 32 to 1
40 to 1 50 to 1 75 to 1
100 to
1

You figure it out

Lets say we are going snowmobiling for the

Weekend and you have 1 quart of two stroke
11/2001

44

How many gallons of fuel

will be needed to mix with
1 pint = 16 oz
of oil with a 50
2 one
pints = 1quart
qt
1 quart = 32 oz
to 1in aratio
4 quarts
gal
32 X 4 = 128
1 gal = 128 oz

11/2001

45

There is always more than

one way to figure
something out

11/2001

46

Here is how I figured it out

32 oz times 50 = 1600
I will need 1600 oz of fuel for 32 oz
of oil with a 50 to 1 ratio
Since there are 128 oz in a gallon,
divide 1600 by 128
1 pint = 16 oz
2 pints = 1 qt
1 quart = 32 oz
4 quarts in a gal
32 X 4 = 128
1 gal = 128 oz

11/2001

47

Mixing oil is critical

e
u

If you forget to add oil for one tank of

gas, you will destroy your engine
If you mix too much oil with the gas

g
t

n
Your engine will smokeo
a lot
d
It will be hard to ,
start
epower
It will have less
r
u
It might
foul
the spark plug (not start)
s
a
If you
dont mix enough oil with the
e
Mgas

You will cause lots of engine wear

11/2001

48

s
s

Two stroke piston

Notice the piston skirt scars
(lack of oil)

Notice the 2 ring

lands
(only have compression

Notice the
ring pins
rings)
(prevents rings from
rotating
And catching on cylinder
ports)

11/2001

49

How to identify from

outside
Two stroke

Exhaust port in
center of cylinder
Small crankcase

11/2001

Four stroke

Exhaust port in
end of cylinder
Large crankcase

50

Good uses of two stroke

engines
Because it is light, can be used at
any angle, operates at high RPM

Weed eaters
Chain saws
Boats
Snowmobiles
Dirt bikes

11/2001

51

Usually dont see 2 strokes

in
Because of pollution, efficiency,
lack of low RPM power, and
convenience of not mixing oil

Cars
Trucks
Road bikes
Lawn mowers
Generators

11/2001

52

Multiple cylinder two

strokes

The crankcase below each piston

has to be sealed to create
crankcase compression for that
cylinder

11/2001

53

Two stroke engine

questions?

11/2001

54