Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Unit 1
Chapter 6
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
Elements
An element is a pure substance that cannot
be broken down
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element that have the
same number of protons and electrons but
have a different number of neutrons
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
Compounds
A pure substance formed when two or more
different elements combine
Compounds cannot be broken down into
simpler compounds or elements by physical
means, must be a chemical reaction
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
Chemical Bonds
Covalent bonds
Chemical bond that
forms when
electrons are
shared
A molecule is a
compound in which the atoms are held
together by covalent bonds.
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
Ionic Bonds
Electrical attraction between two oppositely
charged atoms or groups of atoms
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
Waters Polarity
Molecules that have an unequal distribution
of charges are called polar molecules.
Polarity is the property of having two
opposite poles.
(Think of North & South Pole)
A hydrogen bond is a bond involving a
hydrogen atom and a fluorine, oxygen, or
nitrogen atom.
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
Water properties:
Water is cohesive
Cohesion: sticks to itself
Ex: allows some insects & spiders
can walk on the surface
Water is adhesive
Adhesion: sticks to other things
Ex: capillary action-pulls column of
water up to the top of a plant
Water properties:
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
Heterogeneous Mixtures
In a heterogeneous
mixture, the
components remain
distinct.
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
Homogenous Mixtures
A mixture that has a uniform
composition throughout
A solvent is a substance in
which another substance is
dissolved.
A solute is the substance
that is dissolved in the
solvent.
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
Organic Chemistry
The study of all
compounds containing
the element CARBON
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
What is a macromolecule?
A giant molecule made up
of 100s or 1000s or smaller
units called MONOMERS
Macromolecules
are also called
polymers!!!!
CARBOHYDRATES
LIPIDS
NUCLEIC ACIDS
PROTEINS
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
Carbohydrates
Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
CARBOHYDRATES
Used as main source of energy
Building block: glucose (C6H12O6)
Sugars: quick source of energy
Monosaccharide-simple sugar, disaccharide-2,
polysaccharide-many
Two types:
Where found?
Section 2-3
Go to
Section:
Nucleic Acids
Made up of H,O,N,C & P
Store and transmit genetic info in nucleus
Made up of nucleotides
Two types (examples): DNA & RNA
PROTEINS
Made up of N,C,H, O
Made up of groups called amino
acids (20 in nature)
proteins have a large variety of
sizes & shapes
If the shape changes, it
becomes a new protein
Examples: muscles, peanuts,
soybeans
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
LIPIDS
Made up mainly of C & H
Used to store energy,
insulation & protection
Usually not soluble in
water
Made up of long chains of
fatty acids
Contrasting Lipids
Lipids/Triglyceride
Fats
(Mostly solid at room temperature)
Saturated
Unsaturated
Oils
(Liquid at room temperature &
Considered mostly unsaturated
fats)
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
Chemical reaction
Physical reaction
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
Chemical Equations
Chemical formulas describe the substances in
the reaction and arrows indicate the process of
change.
Reactants are the starting substances, on the
left side of the arrow.
Products are the substances formed, on the
right side of the arrow.
Dehydration Synthesis
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UyDnnD3fMaU
Before
After
Hydrolysis
Chemical reaction splitting a compound
into 2 by adding water (H2O)
Before
After
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
Energy of Reactions
Activation energy:
the minimum
amount of energy
needed for reactants
to form products in a
chemical reaction.
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
This reaction is
exothermic and
released heat energy.
The energy of the
product is lower than
the energy of the
reactants.
Ex. Na+ + Cl- =NaCl
(salt)
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
This reaction is
endothermic and
absorbed heat energy.
The energy of the
products is higher
than the energy of
the reactants.
Ex: photosynthesis
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
Enzymes
A catalyst is a
substance that lowers
the activation energy
and speeds up a
reaction
It does not increase how
much product is made and it can be re-used
over and over again
.Enzymes are biological catalysts.
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology
Chapter 6
Chemistry in Biology