Professional Documents
Culture Documents
FOR
P&IDs
But first....
Design pressures...
Its best to group equipment and give
it all the same maximum op. pressure
?
hrs
12
hrs
8 hrs
Instrumentation Cookbook
Why Are We Doing This
Instrumentation
PI
Instrumentation Cookbook
Objective:
Instrumentation
Instrumentation Cookbook
A Simple Feedback
Control
Loop Control Loop
Measured
Variable (temp,
pressure, flow...)
FE
FIT
Controller
FIC
Manipulated
Variable
FV
Controllers
Initiating or
First
Measured Variable
Letter
Analysis
A
Burner, Combustion
B
Users Choice
C
Users Choice
D
Voltage
E
Flow Rate
F
Flow Quantity
FQ
Flow Ratio
FF
Users Choice
G
Hand
H
Current (Electrical)
I
Power
J
Time
K
Level
L
Users Choice
M
Readout Devices
Switches and Alarm Devices
Self
Actuated
Control
Valves
Recording Indicating High
Low
Comb
AR
AI
ASH
ASL
ASHL
BR
BI
BSH
BSL
BSHL
Transmitters
Instrumentation Naming
ERC
FRC
FQRC
FFRC
EIC
FIC
FQIC
FFIC
IRC
JRC
KRC
LRC
HIC
IIC
JIC
KIC
LIC
EC
FC
FCV FICV
FFC
ER
FR
FQR
FFR
EI
FI
FQI
FFI
ESH
FSH
FQSH
FFSH
ESL
FSL
FQSL
FFSL
HR
IR
JR
KR
LR
HI
II
JI
KI
LI
ISH
JSH
KSH
LSH
ISL
JSL
KSL
LSL
ESHL
FSHL
ERT
FRT
Initiating or
First
Measured Variable
Letter
Analysis
A
Burner, Combustion
B
Users Choice
C
Users Choice
D
Voltage
E
Flow Rate
F
Flow Quantity
FQ
Flow Ratio
FF
Users Choice
G
Hand
H
Current (Electrical)
I
Power
J
Time
K
HC
KC
LC
KCV
LCV
Solenoids,
Relays,
Computing Primary
Devices
Element
AY
AE
BY
BE
EY
FY
FQY
HY
IY
JY
KY
EE
FE
FQE
FE
Well Of
Test Point Probe
AP
AW
BW
FP
Viewing
Device,
Glass
HS
ISHL
JSHL
KSHL
LSHL
Safety
Device
BG
FG
IE
JE
KE
HRT
IRT
JRT
KRT
LRT
Final
Element
AV
BV
EZ
FV
FQV
FFV
HV
IZ
JV
KV
EIT
FIT
FQIT
ET
FT
FQT
HIT
IIT
JIT
KIT
LIT
HT
IT
JT
KT
LT
Instrumentation Cookbook
Equipment
Symbology
P&IDs
- Symbology
Instrumentation Symbology
Instrumentation Cookbook
P&IDs - Symbology
LIC
Located in DCS
(process control
computer)
Software Signal
LT
Physically
located
in field
Physical wire
hardwired
Instrumentation Cookbook
The Control Valve
Actuator driven by
Compressed
Air
Valve
Elec Signal
To valve
(4-20 mA
DC signal)
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Level
Typical
Controls
Flow
Pressure
Temperature
Composition
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Level Control
Purpose
Prevent the tank from overfilling /
running dry
LT
LIC
LV
Instrumentation Cookbook
Level Control
Purpose
Hold a liquid Seal
LT
LIC
No Gas!
LV
Instrumentation Cookbook
Level Control
Purpose
Prevent pump from running dry and
thus being destroyed
LT
LIC
LV
Note: - valve always on disch to prevent flashing on pump suction
- pump may also require a minimum flow bypass
Control Systems
Aside - Speed
Control Systems
Aside - Speed
Slow Things
Say > few seconds
Reducing Pressure
by Opening a valve
on a large gas filled
tank
Measure
Composition
(analysers)
Change Level In
Large Tank
Fast Things
Less than a
second
Measure Pressure
Measure Flow (Diff
Press)
Measure Temp (?)
Instrumentation Cookbook
Flow Control
Fast to Measure
Flow Changes usually require a control valve to
change its position which can take seconds.
Vapour systems have a capacitance that
need to be overcome before the flow changes
are experienced everywhere in the system
Instrumentation Cookbook
Flow Control
FT
FIC
FT
FE
FIC
FE
FV
SIC
Variable Speed Drive
Instrumentation Cookbook
- Ratio Flow
Control
FIC
SP
FT
FE
FRIC
FT
FV
FIC
SP
SP
FE
FV
Ensure correct
mixture /
recipes
Instrumentation Cookbook
Pressure Control
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Pressure Control
PIC
PT
PT
PV
PV
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Pressure Control
Condensable Gas
PIC
PV
PT
Need to control vessel pressure
Fast or slow?
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Pressure Control
PIC
PT
PV
Control pump discharge pressure - not very useful
Instrumentation Cookbook
Pressure Control
PIC
FIC
PT
PV
Control pump discharge pressure - ensure
constant feed pressure to FV
FT
FE
FV
Instrumentation Cookbook
Temperature Control
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Temperature Control
C/w
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Temperature Control
C/w
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Temperature Control
Increase Stm
Pressure
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Temperature Control
Reduce flooded
Area
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Example - Driving
to Montreal
Cascade
Control
Instrumentation Cookbook
Cascade Control
One Control Loop Determines Setpoint
of a Second Loop
FT
High Speed
FE
M
I
Low Speed
Flow
SIC
SP
FIC
SP
-Using the
flow through
the pump to
control the
rotational
speed of the
pump
Instrumentation Cookbook
Cascade
Control
FIC
PIC
FT
FE
FV
PT
Common Around
Distillation Columns Where
There Are Slow Loops
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Many Controllers
Interact but some
Controller
Interaction
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Duelling Control
?
Controller
Interaction
LT
LIC
FIC
FT
FE
LV
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Duelling Control
?
Controller
Interaction
LIC
LT
FIC
FT
LV
FE
Instrumentation Cookbook
Duelling Control
?
Controller
Interaction
SP= 75 psig
PIC
100 psig
Compressed
Air
SP= 35 psig
PIC
PT
PV
PT
PV
User 1
User 2
User 3
User 1
User 2
User 3
P&ID Cookbook
-By Equipment
P&ID Cookbook
- Pumps
PI
PRV
PI
HS
I
HS
PI
LT
PI
LIC
LV
HS
I
HS
Reflux Tanks
Set@
PI
From Condenser
From Pump
HLL = 4-6
NLL = 3-6
LLL = 2-0
LLLL = 2-0
TI
LSLL
LIT
LAHL
LIC
TO
LV
LALL
Pump
S/D
To Pump
Compressors - Centrifugal
CWS
Control
From ?
CWR
SIC
By Vendor
By Owner
Columns
Composition control
Pressure control
Put a control
scheme to
ensure
Feed rate is
constant or is
slowly
changing
Level control
Level control
Composition
control
Treat the
top and bottom
independently
of each other
Columns Bottoms
FIC
FT
HHLL
LIT
5 bar
Stm
HLL
NLL
LLL
LLLL
TE
LAHL
LIC
TIC
Low
P Cond
TE
Columns Overhead
TIC
PT
PIC
CWS
FV
CWR
Set@
FIC
PV
PI
RO
FT
HLL = 4-6
NLL = 3-6
LLL = 2-0
LLLL = 2-0
TI
LSLL
LIT
LAHL
LIC
PI
PI
LALL
Pump
S/D
LV
HS
I
HS
Instrumentation Cookbook
Column Control
Instrumentation Cookbook
Column Control
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Tanks
- Storage
PRV
Temperature
Control
May Be
Required
-does material
freeze / boil?
LAHH
LSHH
LY
LSHH
TI
LI
LSLL
LAHL
LIT
LV
Workshop
draw it
explain how your scheme works and responds to
upsets
explain the pros/cons of your scheme
END
Instrumentation Cookbook
Tanks - Process Surge
PSV
Consider
Pressure
Control
LT
LIC
LV
TV
TIC
TV on condenser outlet
to prevent c/w flashing
inside condenser during
turndown
CWS
TAHL
TE