Heart

By : Citra Perdana Yanti

140612602659

HEART

The heart is a chambered muscular

organ that pumps blood received

from the veins into the arteries,
thereby maintaining the flow of
blood through the entire circulatory
system.

PERICARDIUM
Double-layered sac

covering the heart

Outer layer anchors heart
in chest
Inner layer (epicardium)
attached to heart wall
Lubricating fluid in
pericardial space (between
layers) reduces friction
Decrease in fluid causes
layers to cling & rub
against each other
resulting in pain &
decreased efficiency of
heart

Blood Pomp

two pumps the heart that putted in

right and left.
right heart taking outside all of it in
distribute it to lung to through
artery pulmonaris
left heart taking outside all of it in
distribute it to division of other body
to through aorta.
Heart is working by relaction and
contraction muscle wall

Structure
Heart Wall

Cavities
Endocardium
Endocardium

deepest layer of the heart

smooth lining to reduce

friction of bloodflow

Myocardium
Myocardium

middle layer of the heart

location of muscle fibers

responsible for pumping

Pericardium
Pericardium

outer protective layer

composed of :
visceral pericardium
paricardial cavity
parietal pericardium

Is devided into four chambers

Two upper named atria and the

lower ones ventricles

Ventricles are consideraly larger
and thicker walled then atria ,
because the carry a heavier
pumping burden than atria
The left ventricles has thickers
walls because it has to pump
blood through all the vessels of
the body
The right ventricles sends blood
only through the lungs

Valves and Opening

Atrioventracular valves: between atria
and ventricles
Bicuspid (mitral) valve:
on the left
Tricuspid valve: on the
right
When valves are open blood drains from atria
into ventricle
When ventricle contract, valve flaps are forced
shut, blocking blood from reentering atria

Semilunar Valves
Consist of half-moon-shaped

flaps growing out from the

lining of the pulmonary
artery and great aorta.
When these valves are
closed, bloods fills the
space between the flaps
and the vessel wall , giving
each flaps the appearance
of tiny filled bucket.
Inflowing bloods smooth the
flaps againts the blood
vessel wall, colapsing the
bucket and thereby
opening the valves

Nerve Supply of the Heart

The heart is innervated by sympathetic and

parasympathetic fibers of the autonomic

nervous system via the cardiac plexuses
situated below the arch of the aorta.
The sympathetic supply arises from the
cervical and upper thoracic portions of the
sympathetic trunks, and the
parasympathetic supply comes from the
vagus nerves.