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HM SPRAGUE GRUNDY

V NG DNG

Xt tr chi trn th:


Tt c tr chi u c th biu din trn th.
th tr chi G c th phn r thnh G1, G2,
,GK th con.
Ngi chi c th chn 1 Gi chi. (1iK)
G c gi l tr chi c tng trc tip.
Gi c hnh thnh trong qu trnh chi.
Giao vin: Lu Hi Phong

THPT Chuyn L Qu n Khanh Ha

HM SPRAGUE GRUNDY
V NG DNG

Xt tr chi trn th:


V d: th tr chi Nim trn 3 cc c th
phn r thnh 3 tr chi Nim trn 1 cc.

Giao vin: Lu Hi Phong

THPT Chuyn L Qu n Khanh Ha

HM SPRAGUE GRUNDY
V NG DNG

1. Hm Sprague - Grundy
Hm Spraque Grundy (SG) ca mt th
G=(V,E) c nh ngha: Mi nh u ca
th c gn mt s SG(u) l s nguyn khng
m nh nht khng nm trong tp cc gi tr
SG(v) ca cc nh v ti c t u.
SG(u)=min(m0 : m SG(v), uv
E)
Giao vin: Lu Hi Phong

THPT Chuyn L Qu n Khanh Ha

HM SPRAGUE GRUNDY
V NG DNG

1. Hm Sprague - Grundy
V d 1:
SG(u)=2
SG(u)=?
SG(v2)=0
SG(v1)=1

Giao vin: Lu Hi Phong

SG(v3)=5

THPT Chuyn L Qu n Khanh Ha

HM SPRAGUE GRUNDY
V NG DNG

1. Hm Sprague - Grundy
V d 2:
SG(u)=0
SG(u)=?
SG(v1)=4

Giao vin: Lu Hi Phong

SG(v2)=5

SG(v3)=9

SG(v4)=2

THPT Chuyn L Qu n Khanh Ha

HM SPRAGUE GRUNDY
V NG DNG

1. Hm Sprague - Grundy
Mt s tnh cht ca hm SpraqueGrundy
Nu SG(u) 0 th v:SG(v)=0 vi (u,v)E
Nu SG(u) = 0 th v:SG(v)0 vi (u,v)E
SG(u) = 0 nu bc ca u bng 0.
SG(u) = 0 nu u L.
Nh vy, hm Sprague - Grundy c
dng iu khin tr chi:
a i phng vo nh x c SG(x) = 0.
Giao vin: Lu Hi Phong

THPT Chuyn L Qu n Khanh Ha

HM SPRAGUE GRUNDY
V NG DNG

1. Hm Sprague - Grundy
nh l Grundy:
Nu SG(ui) l cc hm Sprague-Grundy trn
th tr chi thnh phn Gi, i=1..k, th th
tng ca chng G=G1+G2++Gk s c hm
SG l:
SG(<u1,u2,...,uk>)=SG(u1)SG(u2)... SG(uk)
Giao vin: Lu Hi Phong

THPT Chuyn L Qu n Khanh Ha

HM SPRAGUE GRUNDY
V NG DNG

1. Hm Sprague - Grundy
nh l Grundy:

Giao vin: Lu Hi Phong

THPT Chuyn L Qu n Khanh Ha

HM SPRAGUE GRUNDY
V NG DNG

2. ng dng
Tr chi Nim tng qut
C n ng si, ng si th i c ai vin (ai>0,
i=1n). C 2 ngi chi. Mi ngi, khi n
lt mnh phi bc mt s lng si ty , ln
hn 0, t mt ng ty chn. Ai n lt mnh
khng cn cch bc th ngi thua.
Giao vin: Lu Hi Phong

THPT Chuyn L Qu n Khanh Ha

HM SPRAGUE GRUNDY
V NG DNG

2. ng dng
Tr chi Nim tng qut
C th xem tr chi Nim trn n ng si
phn r thnh n tr chi Nim m tr chi
th i c chi trn ng si ai.
Hm Spraque Grundy ca tr chi:
SG(<a1, a2,,an>)=SG(a1)SG(a2)SG(an)
Giao vin: Lu Hi Phong

THPT Chuyn L Qu n Khanh Ha

HM SPRAGUE GRUNDY
V NG DNG

2. ng dng
Tr chi Nim tng qut
Cach dnh chin thng:
TH1: SG(<a1, a2,,an>)>0
Bc x vin si trn 1 ng sao cho:
SG(<a1,,ai-x,,an>)=0
TH2: SG(<a1, a2,,an>)=0
Bc 1 vin si trn 1 ng v ch i th
phm sai lm.
Giao vin: Lu Hi Phong

THPT Chuyn L Qu n Khanh Ha

HM SPRAGUE GRUNDY
V NG DNG

2. ng dng
V d: tr chi Nim trn 4 cc
a1=1210=11002 SG-a1=3 s si cn bc: 9
a2= 810=10002 SG-a2=7 s si cn bc: 1
a3= 510=01012 SG-a3=10 khng bc c
SG-a
=1

s
si
cn
bc:13
4
a4=1410=11102
SG(<a1,a2,a3,a4>) =11112=1510
Ngi i trc c 3 cch bc trong lt chi
u tin chc chn thng.
Giao vin: Lu Hi Phong

THPT Chuyn L Qu n Khanh Ha

HM SPRAGUE GRUNDY
V NG DNG

CNG C
Hy tnh SG(i), i=1..5, trong th:
SG(1)=4
1
SG(2)=3

SG(5)=0

Giao vin: Lu Hi Phong

3
5

SG(3)=2

SG(4)=1

THPT Chuyn L Qu n Khanh Ha

HM SPRAGUE GRUNDY
V NG DNG

CNG C
Hy pht biu nh l Grundy

Giao vin: Lu Hi Phong

THPT Chuyn L Qu n Khanh Ha

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