Goals for Chapter 20

To observe and visualize magnetic fields and forces.

To study the motion of a charged particle in a magnetic field.
To evaluate the magnetic force on a current-carrying
conductor.
To determine the force and torque produced with a magnet
and current-carrying loop of wire (the DC motor).
To study the fields generated by long, straight conductors.
To observe the changes in the field with the conductor in
loops (forming the solenoid).
To calculate the magnetic field at selected points in space.
To understand magnetism via magnetic moments.
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The behavior of bar magnets Figures 20.2,20.3

Notice the general behavior trends of attraction and repulsion,
dipole or monopole.

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Our Earth itself has a magnetic field. Figure 20.4

This field is not very strong but it is consistent (and convenient)
as the next slide will show.

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A compass will align with fields Figure 20.5

The compass will align with
whatever average field is
strongest. In figure 20.5, the
field caused by the current in the
wire is stronger than that any
background field from the earth.
Absent the current-carrying
wire, the compass would align
with the earths magnetic field.
This allows a consistent direction
to be determined by someone
with the need for navigation.

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Examples of Magnetic Fields Figure 20.7

Fields are created in a variety of ways and
observed in a variety of places.

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Iron filings will align as a compass does Figure 20.8

Each small filing lines up tangent to the field lines
allowing a visual demonstration

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The equipotential map around charges Figure 18.11

Around an charge or arrangement of charges regions of
equal potential may be drawn as equal-potential lines.

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Charges moving with respect to a field Figure 20.9

The effect of an
existing
magnetic field on
a charge
depends on the
charges direction
of motion relative
to the field.

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The Right Hand Rule Figure 20.10

Using the right hand rule, one may determine the direction of the
field produced by a moving positive charge.

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The effect of the sign of a moving charge Figure 20.11

Positive and
negative
charges will
feel opposite
effects from
a magnetic
field.

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Magnetic force may be calculated Figure 20.13

Refer to the Conceptual Analysis, the Problem-Solving Strategy,
and Example 20.1 on pages 664 and 665 of your text.

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Magnetic fields will alter ionic movement Figure 20.14

You can create
electrostatic lenses
that will focus or
alter the path or
velocity of ions or
electrons. This is
the foundation of
modern mass
spectroscopy.
Refer to the
Conceptual Analysis
on page 666 and
Example 20.3 on
page 670.
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The Magnetron operating in your home Figure 20.16

A serendipitous discovery
of radar research, the
microwave oven uses a
magnetron to trap
electronic oscillations with
wavelengths between .001
and 10m.
Refer to Conceptual
Analysis 20.3 on page 668
of your text.

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Introduction of helical motion Figure 20.17

Such motion can
be imparted to
ions given
velocities both
parallel and
perpendicular to
the applied field.
Refer to
Conceptual
Analysis 20.4 and
Example 20.2 in
your text.
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Force on a conductor with current Figures 20.22, 23

When a
conductor,
often a wire,
carrying
current is
exposed to
an external
magnetic
field, a force
is exerted on
the
conductor.

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Applications of force on a conductor Figures 20.25,26

Novel applications have been devised to make use of the
force that a magnetic field exerts on a conductor carrying
current.
Refer to Conceptual Analysis 20.5 and Example 20.4 in your
text.

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The motor Figure 20.27

If the conductor is a loop, the torque can create an electric
motor.

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Magnetic field of long straight conductor Figure 20.34

Placed over a
compass, the wire
would cause the
compass needle to
deflect. This was the
classic demonstration
done by Oersted as
he demonstrated the
effect.
Refer to Conceptual
Analysis 20.7 and
Example 20.6

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Fields in two conductors side-by-side Figure 20.36

This was the classic demonstration done by Ampere as he
demonstrated the effect. Refer to Example 20.7.

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Currents in a loop Figures 20.39, 40

This will
allow us
to
generate
a field
inside
loops of
conductor
carrying
current.
Refer to
Example
20.8.
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Magnetic field of long straight conductor Figure 20.34

Placed over a
compass, the wire
would cause the
compass needle to
deflect. This was the
classic demonstration
done by Oersted as
he demonstrated the
effect.
Refer to Conceptual
Analysis 20.7 and
Example 20.6

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The solenoid Figure 20.42

Generating a
field inside a
cylinder which
already contains
a permanent
magnet will
cause a force
and move the
permanent
magnet.
Refer to
Conceptual
Analysis 20.8.
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