Final1

A STUDY ON CONNECTIONS
OF MULTISTOREY STEEL
FRAME BUILDING
By
Aditty G Bidikar
Under the Guidence
of
Dr. S.V. Itti

KLESCET BELGAUM
1
CONTETS
INTRODUCTON
SOFTWARES
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF COMPONENTS
(BEAMS & COLUMNS)
STEEL FRAME CONNECTIONS

CONNECTION FLEXIBLTY IN FRAMES
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
INTRODUCTION
Definition of Multistorey Building
From a structural engineer's point of view the multistoreyed building can be defined as one that, by virtue of
its height, is affected by lateral forces due to wind or
earthquake or both
Anatomy of Multistorey Building
The components of a typical steel-framed structure are:

Beams
Columns
Floors
Bracing Systems
Connections
3
Beam
One-way slab
Column
Generally columns and beams used in the framework are I-sections.

The selection of beam sections depends upon the span, loading and
limitations on overall depth from headroom considerations.
Connections
To connect the beams to columns various types of connections are used
1)Simple connections
2)Rigid connections
3)Semi-rigid connections
4
End plate
Stiffeners
Top plate
Stiffener
Erection angle
a)Shop welded and field bolted
b)Field welded and field

bolted connection
c) End plated
Connections
Thesis Objective
To analyze and design a multistory steel frame
building (G+10) with different percentages of

rigidities subjected to dead, live and wind loads. The
building is analyzed by using the software STAAD
Pro-2006 version.
The steel structure is analyzed using various load
combinations. About 10 load combinations are used.

These load combinations include serviceability load
combinations and design load combinations.
The beams and columns are designed using the
programs written in excel spreadsheets. The required

forces and moments for design are taken from
STAAD analysis. Also various connections are
designed for beam column joints.
6
Softwares
STAAD.Pro 2006 continues to be the world's most widelyused, customizable and user-friendly structural solutions
software. STAAD.Pro 2006 is a combination of a robust 3D
multi-material structural modeler with a powerful analysis
and design engine capable of solving the most complex
linear elastic, soil-structure interaction, dynamics and
plastic analysis problems. Around
20,000 structural engineering firms around the world use
STAAD-Pro.
STAAD-Pro features
P-Delta analysis enabled for beams and plates.
Linear, P-Delta analysis.
Non-linear analysis with automatic load and stiffness
correction.
Buckling analysis.
Full and partial moment releases (excellent for steel frames
where releases defined by springs are hard to determine).
Fixed, pinned and spring supports with releases. Also

Inclined Supports for curved structures.
Calculation of steel and concrete quantity
Literature Review
J.C.D.HOENDERKAMP and M.C.M.BAKKER

BULENT AKBAS and JAY SHEN
M.SOARES FILHO and M. J. R. GUIMARAES
S. O. DEGERTEKIN and M. S. HAYALIOGLU
Analysis & Design

1) LOADING(IS:875-1987 PART II)
Occupancy
classification
Uniformly
distributed load
(kN/m2)
Concentrated
load (kN)
2.5
3.0
4.0
2.7
2.7
4.5
2.0
4.0
3.0
1.8
2.7
4.5
Offices and Staff

rooms
Class rooms
Corridors, Store
rooms and Reading

rooms
Apartments
Restaurants
Corridors
10
Wind load
Wind speed = Vb = 33 m/s
Vz = Vb x k1 x k2 x k3
(constants
k1=k3=1.00)
2
Intensity of wind = Pz
= 0.6 VzVz
K2
m/s
Height(m)
Pz KN/m2
35
1.03
34
0.6936
30
1.03
34
0.6936
25
0.98
32.34
0.6275
20
0.98
32.34
0.6275
15
0.94
31.02
0.5773
10
0.88
29.04
0.506
0.88
29.04
0.506
11
Load Combinations
DL + LL
DL + LL + WX
DL + LL + WZ
DL LL WX
DL LL WZ
1.5 (DL + LL)
1.2 (DL + LL + WX)
1.2 (DL + LL +WZ)
1.2 (DL + LL WX)
1.2 (DL + LL WZ)
12
Design of beams & columns

The beams and columns have been designed as
per IS 800 codal provisions.
Excel spread sheets have been developed for the
design.
The beams and columns are designed for rigidities
from 0% to 100%.
13
Methodology
The building taken for present study is a G+10 steel frame residential
building. It has 19m x 15m overall dimensions in plan.
The building was modelled in STAAD-Pro according to the architectural

plan and section. Various dead, live and wind loads were assigned to
the structure and the model was analysed.
The analysis results show that beam no. 57 and column no. 17 were
critical. Hence these column and beam were taken up for study.
STAAD models were made for analysis purpose with rigidities 0%, 10%,
20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100%. The beam and
column were designed for these rigidities. Corresponding bending
moment, and shear force were tabulated for beam no 57 and for column
17.
The theoretical and practical steel were calculated on the basis of

design .
Simple, rigid and semi-rigid connections are designed and a study has
been done on the variation of steel quantity with respect to different
rigidities.
14
3D view of structure
15
Loaded Structure
X
Z
Load 10
16
Wind in X direction
X
Z
Load 3
17
Wind in Z direction
X
Z
Load 4
18
Bending moment in structure
X
Z
Load 10 : Bending Z
19
Shear force in structure
X
Z
Load 10 : Shear Y
20
Table 1 Bending Moments (KNm) in the Beam 57 w.r.t rigidities
Rigid GF
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
119.2
1F
119.2
2F
3F
4F
5F
6F
7F
8F
9F
10F
117.6
113.8
111.4
114.2
112.9
111.7
110.9
108.2
52.21
116.9
116.4
114.3
110.2
107.9
111.6
108.6
107.1
106.3
104.5
52.4
112.6
111.5
111.9
110.9
106.2
106.8
105.7
104.8
103.9
100.3
50.67
108.1
107.7
106.8
105.9
105.1
102.9
101.3
99.9
98.96
98.14
48.46
104.9
101.9
101.2
100.5
100.9
97.38
99
96.94
95.91
96.71
46.75
100.1
100.4
98.77
99.26
96.42
101.7
102.8
103.5
102.7
111.3
50.65
109.5
110.3
110.9
109.6
106.5
110.2
112.6
110.7
111.3
118.3
54.94
121.8
122.2
122.6
128.5
127.5
121.6
121.9
122.3
130.5
130.3
60.91
141.9
141.1
144.6
143.6
143.4
143.8
145.9
144.4
145.7
151.4
70.77
167.5
167.8
166.5
170.1
169.5
169.9
170.3
171.3
170.2
172.7
91.95
205.8
206.4
206.5
207.7
207.2
208.4
208.4
208.4
209.8
209.8 21
101.5
Graph of Moment v/s Rigidity In Beam
22
Table 2 Shear Force in the Beam 57 with varying rigidities
Rigid
GF
1F
2F
3F
4F
5F
6F
7F
8F
9F
10F
100%
119.8
114.3
115.1
116.1
116.1
114.7
112.4
110.7
115.6
115.9
53.3
90%
120.7
115.1
116.9
117.5
116.5
114.3
114.1
115.7
115.9
115.6
53.69
80%
115.6
117.3
116.3
116.3
115.8
114.8
114.8
113.5
116.8
116.3
53.86
70%
118.8
118.3
117.4
118.1
115.3
116.4
115
112.5
114.7
118.8
54.46
60%
118.9
120.8
117.2
118.6
115.6
117.4
113.3
114
117.8
118.9
53.48
50%
116.8
120.7
120.3
117.5
113.7
117.7
115.6
114.8
116.9
116.7
55.07
40%
119.9
117.2
116.6
116.2
116.9
118.5
115.2
115.4
117.2
117.5
54.73
30%
119.1
119.2
120.3
119.9
118.7
116.6
118.8
118.3
117.4
118.2
54.77
20%
121.1
119.8
119.3
119.9
120.6
120.4
119.4
119.9
119.4
119.8
55.29
10%
121.4
121.2
121.4
120.9
120.6
120.1
119.8
120.5
119.4
120.1
56.2
0%
121.4
121.9
121.9
121.6
121.8
121.7
121.7
121.7
122
122
56.57
23
Graph of Shear Force v/s Rigidity
24
Table 3 Design of Beam 57 w.r.t rigidities

Rigid
GF
1F
2F
3F
4F
5F
6F
7F
8F
9F
10F
100%
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB325
90%
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB325
80%
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB350
ISLB350
ISLB325
70%
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB350
ISLB350
ISLB350
ISLB350
ISLB350
ISLB325
60%
ISLB400
ISLB350
ISLB350
ISLB350
ISLB350
ISLB350
ISLB350
ISLB350
ISLB350
ISLB350
ISLB325
50%
ISLB350
ISLB350
ISLB350
ISLB350
ISLB350
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB325
40%
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB400
ISLB325
30%
ISMB400
ISMB400
ISMB400
ISMB400
ISMB400
ISMB400
ISMB400
ISMB400
ISMB400
ISMB400
ISMB300
20%
ISMB400
ISMB400
ISMB400
ISMB400
ISMB400
ISMB400
ISMB400
ISMB400
ISMB400
ISMB450
ISMB300
10%
ISMB450
ISMB450
ISMB450
ISMB450
ISMB450
ISMB450
ISMB450
ISMB450
ISMB450
ISMB450
ISMB350
25
0%
ISMB500
ISMB500
ISMB500
ISMB500
ISMB500
ISMB500
ISMB500
ISMB500
ISMB500
ISMB500
ISMB350
Table .4 Theoretical Steel Quantity (kgs) for the Beam 57 per meter run
Rigid
GF
1F
2F
3F
4F
5F
6F
7F
8F
9F
10F
100%
106.2
107.2
106.2
106.3
106.2
106.2
105.9
106.5
105.8
105.5
95.66
90%
106.7
106.9
106.3
105.6
105.2
105.8
105.9
105.1
104.3
104.6
95.73
80%
105.7
105.2
105.9
105.9
104.7
105.5
104.8
104.7
104.1
103.8
95.59
70%
105.8
105.8
104.5
104.1
104.3
104.6
104.5
103.4
103.8
103.4
95.27
60%
104.9
104.2
104.8
103.8
103.9
103.1
103.9
103.3
103.6
103.9
94.97
50%
104.2
104.3
104.9
104.7
103.7
104.7
104.8
104.4
104.5
106.7
95.62
40%
106.1
106.8
106.1
106.5
105.8
106.6
106.1
106.5
106.4
106.6
96.4
30%
107.4
107.5
107.5
108
107.8
107.6
107.2
107.7
108.6
108.6
97.65
20%
110.5
110.4
110.2
110.5
110.9
110.4
110.9
110.6
110.3
111.1
99.32
10%
113.5
113.1
113.3
113.8
113.1
113.3
114.6
114.6
114.9
114.1
101.1
0%
118.1
118.3
118.2
118.5
118.4
118.2
118.5
118.6
118.6
118.8
26
103.9
Graph of Theoretical Steel v/s Rigidity For Beam
27
Table 5 Practical Steel Quantity (kgs) for the Beam 57

Rigid
GF
1F
2F
3F
4F
5F
6F
7F
8F
9F
10F
100%
142.5
142.5
142.5
142.5
142.5
142.5
142.5
142.5
142.5
142.5
107.5
90%
142.5
142.5
142.5
142.5
142.5
142.5
142.5
142.5
142.5
142.5
107.5
80%
142.5
142.5
142.5
142.5
142.5
142.5
142.5
142.5
123.5
123.5
107.5
70%
142.5
142.5
142.5
142.5
142.5
123.5
123.5
123.5
123.5
123.5
107.5
60%
142.5
123.5
123.5
123.5
123.5
123.5
123.5
123.5
123.5
123.5
107.5
50%
123.5
123.5
123.5
123.5
123.5
142.5
142.5
142.5
142.5
142.5
107.5
40%
142.5
142.5
142.5
142.5
142.5
142.5
142.5
142.5
142.5
142.5
107.5
30%
154
154
154
154
154
154
154
154
154
154
110.5
20%
154
154
154
154
154
154
154
154
154
181
110.5
10%
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
131
0%
217.5
217.5
217.5
217.5
217.5
217.5
217.5
217.5
217.5
217.5
28
131
Graph of Practical Steel v/s Rigidity For Beam
29
Table 6 Axial Load(KN) in Column 17 w.r.t rigidities

Rigid
GF
1F
2F
3F
4F
5F
6F
7F
8F
9F
10F
100%
3202.82
2865.06
2549.08
2243.47
1946.1
1665.95
1362.4
1065.7
768.796
462.055
148.031
90%
3222.61
2882.54
2563.36
2251.84
1944.95
1673.38
1371.8
1071
772.082
462.944
148.498
80%
3263.63
2927.83
2598.27
2282.53
1979.2
1678.1
1377.9
1074.7
770.805
460.62
147.592
70%
3338.53
3000.11
2669.25
2345.73
2043.68
1746.34
1422.9
1104.1
789.217
474.068
147.749
60%
3375.02
3032.12
2693.45
2367.83
2060.98
1762.36
1436.2
1118.5
803.109
478.736
150.329
50%
3438.17
3099.07
2765
2435.62
2113.95
1795.37
1467
1144.3
817.56
486.597
155.019
40%
3478.15
3133.64
2794.42
2466.28
2141.91
1819.41
1482.9
1152.1
821.674
489.129
153.664
30%
3565.89
3217.54
2874.88
2530.95
2193.86
1854.12
1513.5
1171.2
831.52
493.291
154.523
20%
3613.66
3262.65
2915.52
2569.08
2223.63
1879.06
1531.5
1186.6
843.357
499.75
157.291
10%
3656.22
3303.1
2950.75
2599.07
2248.77
1900.69
1550.5
1202.1
853.393
507.153
159.655
0%
3708.98
3353.97
2998.9
2643.92
2289
1933.85
1578
1222.8
867.44
513.424
161.523
30
Graph of Axial load v/s Rigidity For Column
31
Table 7 Design of Column 17 w.r.t rigidities

Rigid
GF
1F
2F
3F
4F
5F
6F
7F
8F
9F
10F
100%
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB550
ISHB450
ISHB350
ISHB225
ISHB150
90%
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISHB450
ISHB350
ISHB225
ISHB150
80%
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISHB450
ISHB350
ISHB225
ISHB150
70%
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISHB450
ISHB300
ISHB225
ISHB150
60%
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISHB450
ISHB300
ISHB225
ISHB150
50%
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISHB450
ISHB300
ISHB200
ISWB175
40%
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISHB450
ISHB300
ISWB300
ISWB150
30%
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISHB450
ISHB300
ISWB250
ISWB175
20%
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISHB450
ISHB350
ISWB300
ISWB175
10%
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISHB450
ISHB300
ISHB200
ISWB175
0%
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISWB600
ISHB450
ISHB350
ISHB225
ISHB150
32
Table 8 Theoretical Steel Quantity (kgs) for the Column 17 w.r.t

rigidities
Rigid
GF
1F
2F
3F
4F
5F
6F
7F
8F
9F
10F
100%
717.4
651.2
553.8
540.7
499.8
425.4
336.9
250.6
185.2
118.6
65.8
90%
735.5
662.7
591.8
543.7
503.8
446.9
349.2
255.5
190.8
117.7
71.8
80%
740.4
682.9
611.9
541.8
482.8
420.2
354.5
255.5
181.8
121.7
77.9
70%
759.4
703.6
631.4
561.4
511.5
438.6
632.4
257.6
177.5
107.8
52.8
60%
765.9
712.9
643.3
577.8
511.8
433.9
363.9
248.9
177.9
111.8
42.9
50%
784.3
735.5
670.6
597.9
508.7
434.4
359.5
245.8
172.5
104.7
39.8
40%
800.7
730.1
657.6
586.5
517.8
448.1
369.3
254.7
176.4
123.9
44.6
30%
815.6
748.9
676.7
606.6
523.9
523.9
446.9
249.9
174.8
113.5
38.7
20%
823.1
754.9
684.9
611.7
532.9
452.6
372.8
270.9
189.6
122.8
38.9
10%
832.2
758.8
680.9
606.6
525.6
450.9
376.4
254.7
182.9
107.8
39.6
0%
843.4
764.2
684.9
603.3
520.7
439.8
366.3
254.8
188.4
116.9
33
47.8
Graph of Theoretical Steel v/s Rigidity For Column
34
Table 9 Practical Steel Quantity (kgs) for the Column 17 per meter
run
Rigid
GF
1F
2F
3F
4F
5F
6F
7F
8F
9F
10F
100%
730.6
577.8
575.4
553.8
553.8
435.9
338
277.9
202.7
140.8
81.4
90%
730.6
671.7
612.7
553.8
530.2
530.2
401.7
277.9
202.7
140.8
81.4
80%
730.6
695.8
624.5
553.8
519.6
435.9
401.7
277.9
202.7
140.8
81.4
70%
766.2
730.6
648.2
577.8
530.2
435.9
401.7
262.7
189.3
129.5
81.4
60%
789.6
730.6
648.2
612.7
553.8
435.9
401.7
262.7
189.3
129.9
81.4
50%
789.6
742.4
695.8
624.5
530.2
435.9
401.7
262.7
176.9
112.9
66.8
40%
813.8
742.4
671.7
612.7
530.2
506.6
401.7
262.7
189.3
144.6
51.9
30%
848.5
766.2
695.8
612.7
530.2
530.2
506.6
262.7
176.9
122.7
66.8
20%
836.7
766.2
695.8
624.5
553.8
577.8
401.7
277.9
202.7
144.6
66.8
10%
836.7
766.2
695.8
624.5
530.2
472.9
401.7
262.7
189.3
112.9
66.8
0%
860.4
789.6
695.8
624.5
530.2
472.9
401.7
262.4
202.7
129.9
35
81.4
Graph of Practical Steel v/s Rigidity For Column
36
SIMPLE CONNECTION
COLUM
BEAM
V = kN
Floor
Steel
GF
9.54
1F
9.54
2F
9.54
3F
9.54
4F
9.54
5F
9.54
6F
9.54
7F
9.54
8F
9.54
9F
9.54
10F
4.536
37
Steel Quantity v/s Floors for simple connection
38
RIGID CONNECTION
FLOOR
STEEL
GF
9.42
1F
7.44
2F
8.75
3F
8.1
4F
8.42
5F
7.44
6F
8.43
7F
8.43
8F
9.21
9F
8.64
10F
4.25
39
Steel Quantity v/s Floor for rigid connection
40
SEMI-RIGID CONNECTION
41
Semi-rigid conection
80%
60%
40%
20%
GF
75.7
75.7
75.7
76.45
1F
75.7
75.63
75.52
76.3
2F
75.7
74.65
75.22
75.85
3F
75.7
74.53
74.86
75.37
4F
75.7
74.33
74.77
75.25
5F
75.7
74.09
74.56
75.04
6F
74.59
74.03
74.47
75.04
7F
74.23
73.89
74.29
75.04
8F
74.33
73.83
74.56
74.47
9F
66.835
66.455
60.71
62.44
10F
44.49
44.4
29.515
36.855
42
Steel Qty v/s Floors for Semi-rigid connection
43
Conclusions
The minimum bending moment is obtained when the rigidity is 50% to 60%.
There is no much change in the shear force w. r. t. rigidities.
The lighter beams have been got for 50% to 60% rigidity. Heavy beams
have been found for 0% to 10% rigidity. Whereas for 60% to 100% the beam
sections are almost same
For simple connections there is no much variation in steel quantity and it

decreases form GF to 10th floor because of less loads.
For rigid connection there is regular increase and decrease in steel quantity
and finally decreases till 10th floor.
For semi-rigid connection steel quantity remains same upto 9th floor but
reduces to 10th floor.
The design is economical when the rigidity is between 50% to 60%.
44
References
Ang,K. M., and Morris, G. A. (1984). Analysis of

Three-Dimensional Frames with Flexible BeamColumn Connections. Canadian Journal of Civil
Engineering, Vol. 11, 245-254.
J.C.D.Hoenderkamp and H.H.Snijder (2000).

Approximate analysis of high rise frames with
flexible connections. The Structural Design of Tall
Buildings, Vol. 9 , 233-248
Frye, M. J., and Morris, G. A. (1975). Analysis of

Flexibly Connected Steel Frames. Canadian
Journal of Civil Engineering, 2, 280-291.
45
References
Ali Ugur and Mutlu Secer (2005). An investigation

for semi-rigid frames by different connection
models. Mathematical and Computational
Applications, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 35-44. Association
for Scientific Research.
Goverdhan, A. V. (1983). A Collection of

Experimental Moment-Rotation Curves and
Evaluation of Prediction Equations for Semi-Rigid
Connections. MS thesis, Vanderbilt University,
Nashville, Tennessee.
46
References
M.Sekulovic and M.Nefovska (2004). Static

inelastic analysis of steel frames with flexible
connections. Theoret. Appl. Mech., Vol.31, No.2,
pp.101-134, Belgrade.
Jones, S. W., Kirby, P. A., and Nethercot, D. A.

(1980). Effect of Semi-Rigid Connections on Steel
Column Strength. Journal of Constructional Steel
Research, 1(1), 38-46.
J. C. D. Hoenderkamp and M. C. M. Bakker, (2003).

Analysis of high-rise braced frames with
outriggers. The Structural design of tall and
special buildings, 12, 335350.
47
References
Jones, S. W., Kirby, P. A., and Nethercot, D. A.

(1983). The Analysis of Frames with Semi-Rigid
Connections - A State-of-the-Art Report . Journal
of Constructional Steel Research , 3(2), 2-13.
Bulent Akbas and Jay Shen (2003). Seismic

behaviour of steel buildings with combined rigid
and semi-rigid frames. Turkish J. Eng. Env. Sci
27, 253-264.
Kishi, N., and Chen, W. F. (1990). Moment-Rotation

Relation of Semi-Rigid connection. Journal of
Structural Engineering. 116(7), 1813-1834.
48
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A STUDY ON CONNECTIONS

Dr. S.V. Itti

STEEL FRAME CONNECTIONS

Anatomy of Multistorey Building

The components of a typical steel-framed structure are:

Generally columns and beams used in the framework are I-sections.

a)Shop welded and field bolted

b)Field welded and field

building (G+10) with different percentages of

The steel structure is analyzed using various load

combinations. About 10 load combinations are used.

The beams and columns are designed using the

programs written in excel spreadsheets. The required

Fixed, pinned and spring supports with releases. Also

Calculation of steel and concrete quantity

J.C.D.HOENDERKAMP and M.C.M.BAKKER

Analysis & Design

Offices and Staff

rooms and Reading

Design of beams & columns

The building was modelled in STAAD-Pro according to the architectural

The theoretical and practical steel were calculated on the basis of

Bending moment in structure

Shear force in structure

Table 1 Bending Moments (KNm) in the Beam 57 w.r.t rigidities

Graph of Moment v/s Rigidity In Beam

Table 2 Shear Force in the Beam 57 with varying rigidities

Graph of Shear Force v/s Rigidity

Table 3 Design of Beam 57 w.r.t rigidities

Graph of Theoretical Steel v/s Rigidity For Beam

Table 5 Practical Steel Quantity (kgs) for the Beam 57

Graph of Practical Steel v/s Rigidity For Beam

Table 6 Axial Load(KN) in Column 17 w.r.t rigidities

Graph of Axial load v/s Rigidity For Column

Table 7 Design of Column 17 w.r.t rigidities

Table 8 Theoretical Steel Quantity (kgs) for the Column 17 w.r.t

Graph of Theoretical Steel v/s Rigidity For Column

Graph of Practical Steel v/s Rigidity For Column

Steel Quantity v/s Floors for simple connection

Steel Quantity v/s Floor for rigid connection

Steel Qty v/s Floors for Semi-rigid connection

There is no much change in the shear force w. r. t. rigidities.

For simple connections there is no much variation in steel quantity and it

The design is economical when the rigidity is between 50% to 60%.

Ang,K. M., and Morris, G. A. (1984). Analysis of

J.C.D.Hoenderkamp and H.H.Snijder (2000).

Frye, M. J., and Morris, G. A. (1975). Analysis of

Ali Ugur and Mutlu Secer (2005). An investigation

Goverdhan, A. V. (1983). A Collection of

M.Sekulovic and M.Nefovska (2004). Static

Jones, S. W., Kirby, P. A., and Nethercot, D. A.

J. C. D. Hoenderkamp and M. C. M. Bakker, (2003).

Jones, S. W., Kirby, P. A., and Nethercot, D. A.

Bulent Akbas and Jay Shen (2003). Seismic

Kishi, N., and Chen, W. F. (1990). Moment-Rotation

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