Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CHE 441
Material of construction
Severe operating conditions
Corrosive materials
Selection of appropriate material
Stainless Steel
Many different types
High corrosion and heat resistance
High conc. of Ni and Cr
Addition of Mo to further increase
resistance
Cr : Resistance to Oxidizing agents
(HNO3)
Stainless Steel
Hastelloy
Copper
Cheap, easily machineable
Good resistant to atmospheric oxygen
Susceptible to acids in presence of
oxygen
Good resistance to all alkalis (except
NH4OH)
Aluminium
10
Tantalum (Ta)
Works at very high temperatures upto
3000 deg C
Good fabrication properties
Properties similar to glass
11
Glass
Resistant to almost all types of fluids except
HF
Brittle
Low thermal stability
Glass-Steel; A possible solution
Glass-lined reactors: Pharmaceutical industry
Nucerite
Ceramic material
Thermal stability upto 650 Deg C
18 times strength
12
13
Graphite
Nitrile rubber
15
Plastics
Very low thermal and mechanical stability
Light weight
Easy to fabricate and good insulators
No electrochemical corrosion as in metals
Resistant to inorganic salt solutions
Tetrafluoroethylene (Teflon)
FRP
16
Gasket Materials
Metallic and non-metallic
Properties of fluid
Operating conditions
Frequency of opening of joint
17
Selection of materials
Preliminary selection
Laboratory experiments
Economic comparison
Final selection
18
Selection of materials
Coating or Metal itself
Selection based on the cost
Reliability of coatings
19
Fabrication of equipment
Layout of materials
Cutting
Shearing
Burning (Oxyacetylene flame)
Powder of flux burning
22
Fabrication of equipment
Forming
Rolling
Bending
Pressing
Spinning in a die
Hot or cold working, Lubrication
Fastening
Manual shield arc process
Heliarc welding
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