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CHAPTER 5
Learning objectives
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in a mixture
gas
Learning outcomes
3
Pressure :
The force exerted per unit area.
F
P
A
kg m
s 2 kg
m2
m s2
Pa (pascal)
A barometer is a device
for measuring the pressure of the
atmosphere.
A manometer is a device
for measuring the pressure of a gas or
liquid in a vessel.
Boyles Law
The volume of a sample of gas at constant temperature
varies inversely with the applied pressure.
The mathematical relationship:
In equation form: PV constant
PiVi PfVf
1
P
[1] A volume of oxygen gas occupies 38.7 mL at 751 mmHg and 21C.
What is the volume if the pressure changes to 359 mmHg while the
temperature remains constant?
[2] You have a cylinder of argon gas at 19.8 atm pressure at 19C. The
volume of argon in the cylinder is 50 L. What would be the volume of this
gas if you allowed it to expand to the pressure of the surrounding air
(0.974 atm)? Assume the temperature remains constant.
[3] You fill a balloon with helium gas to a volume of 2.68 L at 23C and 789
mmHg. Now you release the balloon. What would be the volume of helium if
its pressure changed to 632 mmHg but the temperature were unchanged?
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Charless Law
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Ti T f
V T
[2] A mole of gas at 0C and 760 mmHg occupies 22.41 L. What is the
volume at 20C and 760 mmHg?
[3] Helium gas at 22C and 1 atm occupied a vessel whose volume was
2.54 L. At a pressure of 1atm, What volume would this gas occupy if it
were cooled to liquid-nitrogen temperature (-197C)?
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Ti
Tf
T
P
Divers
working from a North Sea drilling platform experience pressure of
Avogadros Law
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R, is the constant of
proportionality that
relates the molar volume
of a gas to T/P
To find molar mass, find the moles of gas, and then find the
PM m
d
RT
or
Mm
dRT
Use the ideal gas law to find moles from a given volume,
Exercise
[1] When a 2L bottle of concentrated HCl was spilled,
1.2 kg of CaCO3 was required to neutralize the spill.
What volume of CO2 was released by the neutralization
at 735 mmHg and 20C?
Partial Pressure
The pressure exerted (used) by a particular gas in a mixture.
He at 152 mmHg
H2 at 608 mmHg
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P = P A + P B + PC + . . .
Total pressure=760 mmHg
[2] Calculate the total pressure (in atm) of a mixture of 0.0300 mol of
helium and 0.02 mol of oxygen in a 4L flask at 20C. Assume ideal gas
behavior.
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[3] Calculate the total pressure (in atm) of a mixture of 0.02 mol of helium
and 0.01 mol of hydrogen in a 2.5L flask at 10C. Assume ideal gas
behavior.
1.
2.
3.
4.
When molecules collide with each other, the collisions are elastic.
5.
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Diffusion:
a gas spreads out through
another gas to occupy the
space uniformly.
Effusion:
The process by which a gas flows through a small hole in a
container.
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The volume of a sample of gas at constant temperature varies inversely with the
applied pressure
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Checking outcomes
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To define pressure and its units
To use Boyles law, Charles law, combined gas law, Avogadro
a mixture
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