starter

Necessity of starter
At starting ,the speed of motor is zero so
that the back e.m.f. In the armature is
zero.
Armature resistance is so low, if it is
connected to power supply directly ;
huge current will pass thru armature.
The huge current may damage the
machine, major heat, very high speed in
case of DC series motor.
Ia = V/Ra

Function of starter

Start and stop the motor.

Limit inrush current where necessary.
Permit automatic control when required
Protect motor and other connected
equipments from over voltage, no
voltage, under voltage, single phasing
etc.

Motor Starter Features.

Rated by current (amperes) or power

(horsepower)
Remote ON/OFF control
Motor overload protection
Starting and stopping (electrical life)
Plugging and jogging (rapid making and
breaking current)

Type of starter
for DC Motor

Two point starter for DC series motor

Three point starter for shunt motor

Four point starter for compound motor
For AC Motor
DOL Starter
Star-Delta
Auto-transformer
Variable Frequency drive

Wiring Diagram of DOL

Starter:

Motor Starting Characteristics on

DOL Starter:
Available starting current:100%.
Peak starting current:6 to 8
Full Load Current.
Peak starting torque:100%

Advantages of DOL
Most Economical and Cheapest Starter
Starter:
Simple to establish, operate and maintain

Simple Control Circuitry

Easy to understand and troubleshoot.
It provides 100% torque at the time of
starting.
Only one set of cable is required from starter
to motor.
Motor is connected in delta at motor
terminals.

Disadvantages of DOL
It does not reduce the starting current of the
Starter:
motor.

High Starting Current: Very High Starting

Current (Typically 6 to 8 times the FLC of the
motor).
Mechanically Harsh: Thermal Stress on the
motor, thereby reducing its life.
Voltage Dip: There is a big voltage dip in the
electrical installation
High starting Torque: Unnecessary high starting
torque, even when not required by the load.

Suitability

DOL is Suitable for:

Small water pumps, compressors, fans
and conveyor belts.
Motor rating up to 5.5KW
DOL is not suitable for:
The peak starting current would result in
a serious voltage drop on the supply
system
Motor rating above 5.5KW

Star delta starter

Most induction motors are started directly

on line, but when very large motors are
started that way, they cause a disturbance
of voltage on the supply lines due to large
starting current surges.
To limit the starting current surge, large
induction motors are started at reduced
voltage and then have full supply voltage
reconnected when they run up to near
rotated speed.

Star-Delta Connection in
transformer

Star-Delta Connection in
motor

Star delta power circuit

Star delta control circuit

Motor Starting Characteristics of

Star-Delta Starter:

Available starting current: 33%

Full Load Current.
Peak starting current: 1.3 to 2.6
Full Load Current.
Peak starting torque: 33% Full
Load Torque.

Advantages of Star The

Deltaoperation
starter:of the star-delta

method is simple and rugged

It is relatively cheap compared to
other reduced voltage methods.
Good Torque/Current Performance.
It draws 2 times starting current of
the full load ampere of the motor
connected

Disadvantages of Star-Delta
starter:
Low Starting Torque, only 33% starting torque

Break In Supply Possible Transients

Six Terminal Motor Required (Delta Connected).

It requires 2 set of cables from starter to motor.

The delta of motor is formed in starter and not on motor

terminals.

Applications with a load torque higher than 50 % of the motor

rated torque will not be able to start using the start-delta
starter.

Low Starting Torque: reduction of the line voltage by a

factor of 1/3 (57.7%) to the motor and the current is reduced
to 1/3 of the current at full voltage, but the starting torque is
also reduced 1/3 to 1/5 of the DOL starting torque .

Reversing of Direction

Variable frequency drive (VFD)

A variable-frequency drive (VFD), also

termed adjustable-frequency drive,
variable speed drive, AC drive, micro
drive or inverter drive is a type of
adjustable-speed drive used in electromechanical drive systems.
It controls AC motor speed and torque by
varying motor input frequency and
voltage.

Principle of VFD
Variable frequency Drive, principle of the
same is by regulating the frequency, we
can regulate the speed of drive
Example - n=120f/p
Where,
n - speed
f - frequency
p nos. of poles

VFD flow diagram

VFD 3-phase power

conversion

Application

Cane Carrier Drive,

Feeder Table Drive,
Milling Plant Drive,
Raw juice Pumps,
Sulphited Juice Pumps,
Molasses Pumps,
Injection Pumps,
Cooling Tower Pumps and
Centrifugals for a Sugar Curing and
Chemical Dosing pump.

Auto transformer

Circuit and function

An auto-transformer starter makes it

possible to start squirrel-cage induction
motors with reduced starting current, as
the voltage across the motor is reduced
during starting.
In contrast to the star-delta connection,
only three motor leads and terminals are
required. On starting, the motor is
connected to the tappings of the autotransformer.

Starting Characteristics:
Motor terminal voltage less than line
voltage (by transformer ratio).
Motor current exceeds line current (by
inverse of transformer ratio).
Starting torque is reduced by the square
of the terminal voltage.
Applications:
Where complete acceleration at reduced
amperes is needed.
Where line ampere reduction
requirements are severe, and load torque
is not minimal.

Difference between DOL/Star delta

/Autotransformer
Sr DOL Starter
.

Star delta starter

Auto transformer
starter

Used up to 5 HP Used 5 HP to 20HP

Used above 20 HP

Does not
Decreases the starting
decrease the
current by 1/3 times
starting current

Decreases the
starting current as
required

It is cheap

It is costly

It is more costly

It connects
directly the
motor with
supply for
starting as well
as for running

It connects the motor

It connects the
first in star at the time of motor according to
starting in delta for
the taping taken
running
out from the auto
transformer

Current in Star Delta (380to

415V)
Motor KW

Rated
phase
current-A

MCB-A

Fuse -A

MCCB-A

1.1

1.4-1.75

2.2

2.6-3

10

10

3.7

4.3-5.2

16

20

16

5.5

5.8-7

20

25

16

7.5

7.5-9.3

25

32

25

11

11-13.2

32

40

32

15

14.5-18

40

50

50

18.5

17.3-21.3

40

63

50

22

21.3-26.6

63

80

80

30

30-36.5

80

100

80

37

36-42

80

125

100

Current in DOL (380-415V motor)

Motor KW

Rated line
current-A

MCB-A

Fuse -A

MCCB-A

1.1

2.5-3

16

10

2.2

4.5-5

16

20

3.7

7.5-9

25

25

16

5.5

10-12

32

32

16

7.5

13-16

40

40

25

11

19-23

50

50

32

15

25-31

63

63

50

18.5

30-37

80

80

50

22

37-46

100

100

80

30

52-63

Not used

125

80

WIRE/Cable SIZE
International standard wire sizes (IEC 60228)
0.5 mm
0.75 mm 1 mm
1.5 mm 2.5
mm
4 mm
6 mm
10 mm 16 mm 25 mm
35 mm 50 mm
70 mm 95 mm
120 mm 150 mm 185
mm
240 mm
300 mm
400 mm 500 mm 630 mm
800 mm
1000 mm

THANK YOU