PHAP LUAT VE HP ONG

Nhng van e chung ve H

trong BLDS
Hp ong trong kinh doanh,
thng mai

Phap luat hp ong trc

01/01/2006

Bo luat dan s nam 1995- hp

ong dan s.
Phap lenh hp ong kinh te nam
1989- Hp ong kinh te.
Luat thng mai nam 1997 Hp
ong thng mai.

Hp ong dan s

Chu the: Moi to chc, ca nhan.

Muc ch: Tieu dung.
Hnh thc: bang mieng, van ban
hoac mot hanh vi cu the.

Hp ong kinh te

Chu the: Mot ben tham gia hp

ong kinh te la phap nhan- ben
con lai la phap nhan hoac ca
nhan co ang ky kinh doanh.
Muc ch: kinh doanh( muc ch lam
phat sinh li nhuan).
Hnh thc: Bang van ban
VD: Cong ty co phan X ban cho
Doanh nghiep t nhan Y 10000 tan
gao.

Hp ong thng mai

Chu the: Gia cac thng nhan
Thng nhan la to chc, ca nhan
co ang ky kinh doanh.
Muc ch: Kinh doanh.
Hnh thc: bang mieng, van ban,
hanh vi cu the.

Hp ong nay la hp ong

g?
Cong ty Trach nhiem hu han
Thanh at ban cho Doanh nghiep
t nhan Toan Thang 20.000 tan Xi
mang gia 9 ty ong

Phap luat hp ong sau

01/01/2006

Bo luat dan s nam 2005.

Luat thng mai 2005

Quan he gia Bo Luat Dan

s va Luat thng mai

Quan he gia Luat chung va

Luat chuyen nganh
- Bo luat dan s la luat
chung
- luat thng mai la luat
chuyen nganh

Quan he gia Bo Luat DS

va
Luat

- Neu
motTM
van e va c quy
nh trong bo luat dan s va luat
thng mai th u tien ap dung
Luat thng mai
- Neu Luat thng mai khong co
quy nh th u tien ap dung bo
luat dan s.

HP ONG KHAI NIEM & NGUYEN

TAC
Hp ong la s thoa thuan gia hai hay
nhieu ben ve viec chuyen giao mot
vat, lam hay khong lam mot cong
viec. ( . 1101 BLDS Phap).
Hp ong dan s la s thoa thuan
gia cac ben ve viec xac lap, thay
oi hoac cham dt quyen, ngha vu
dan s. ( . 388 BLDS 2005).
NGUYEN TAC GIAO KET HDS:
T do giao ket hp ong, nhng khong
c trai phap luat, ao c xa hoi.
T nguyen, bnh ang, thien ch, hp
tac, trung thc va ngay thang.

CAC YEU TO CUA HP ONG

S ng thuan ( hiep y):

Nang lc giao ket H:

Li e ngh giao ket H ( minh th hay mac nhien)

Chap nhan e ngh s im lang
Thi iem giao ket H
Cac trng hp khiem khuyet cua s ng thuan:
nham lan, gian tra, bao hanh,
oi vi ca nhan: v thanh nien, vo nang, han
che nang lc hanh vi, cac trng hp b han che
theo Luat Doanh nghiep.
oi vi to chc: t cach phap nhan
Ngi ai dien: theo phap luat va theo uy quyen.

oi tng cua H: ro rang, chnh xac; hp

phap; co the thc hien c.

CAC LOAI HP ONG DAN S CHU

YEU (. 406 )

H song vu la hp ong ma moi ben eu

co ngha vu oi vi nhau;
H n vu la hp ong ma ch mot ben co
ngha vu;
H chnh la hp ong ma hieu lc khong
phu thuoc vao hp ong phu;
H phu la hp ong ma hieu lc phu thuoc
vao hp ong chnh;
H v li ch cua ngi th ba la hp ong
ma cac ben giao ket hp ong eu phai
thc hien ngha vu va ngi th ba c
hng li ch t viec thc hien ngha vu
o;
H co ieu kien la hp ong ma viec thc
hien phu thuoc vao viec phat sinh, thay oi
hoac cham dt mot s kien nhat nh.

PHAN BIET H KINH DOANH H DAN S

Phan biet theo muc ch cua H: muc

ch kinh doanh kiem li hay muc ch
sinh hoat, tieu dung ( cac hanh vi hon
hp);
Phan biet theo t cach phap ly cua
cac ben chu theH;
Phan biet theo hnh thc cua H;
Phan biet theo Luat ap dung;
Phan biet theo tham quyen cua Toa
an.

CAC LOAI HP ONG TRONG KD, THNG

MAI
Mua ban hang hoa
Trao oi hang hoa, san pham
Vay tien , vat t , hang hoa , san
pham
Thue may moc , thiet b , phng tien
Dch vu uy thac, boc xep
Dch vu giao nhan hang hoa
Dch vu giam nh hang hoa
Van chuyen
Gia cong san pham
Gi gi hang hoa ( thue kho bai )
Bao hiem

CAC LOAI HP ONG TRONG KD, THNG MAI(tt)

Uy thac mua ban hang hoa

ai ly mua ban hang hoa
au thau hang hoa
au gia hang hoa
Quang cao
Trng bay gii thieu
Hoi ch
Ky gi
Xay dng c ban ( khao sat, thiet ke,
thi cong )
Lien ket kinh te, lien doanh au t
Thue mua tai chnh
Tn dung th
Cac loai hp ong khac,.

HOAT ONG THNG MAI LTM 2005 & PLENH

TTTM 2003

1. Hot ng thng mi l hot ng nhm mc

ch sinh li, bao gm mua bn hng ho, cung
ng dch v, u t, xc tin thng mi v cc
hot ng nhm mc ch sinh li khc.(LTM
2005)
Hoat ong thng mai la viec thc hien
mot hay nhieu hanh vi thng mai cua ca
nhan, to chc kinh doanh bao gom mua ban
hang hoa, cung ng dch vu; phan phoi;
ai dien, ai ly thng mai; ky gi; thue,
cho thue; thue mua; xay dng; t van; ky
thuat; li-xang; au t; tai chnh, ngan
hang; bao hiem; tham do, khai thac; van
chuyen hang hoa, hanh khach bang
ng hang khong, ng bien, ng
sat, ng bo va cac hanh vi thng mai
khac theo quy nh cua phap luat ( .2
Phap lenh Trong Tai Thng Mai-2003).

HANH VI THNG MAI ( LTM 2005)

Mua ban hang hoa MBHH qua S Giao

dch HH -24,63
Cung ng dch vu 74
Xuc tien thng mai :

Cac hoat ong trung gian thng mai:

Khuyen mai( 88); Quang cao TM(102); Trng bay

gii thieu HH(117); Hoi ch, trien lam TM(129);
ai dien cho thng nhan ( 141); Moi gii thng
mai ( 150); Uy thac mua ban hang hoa ( 155);
ai ly thng mai ( 166);

Mot so hoat ong TM cu the khac:

Gia cong trong thng mai (178); au gia hang

hoa ( 185); au thau hang hoa, dch vu ( 214);
Dch vu Logistics ( 233); Qua canh hang hoa qua
lanh tho VN va dch vu qua canh hang hoa
( 241); Dch vu giam nh ( 254); Cho thue hang
hoa ( 269); Nhng quyen thng mai ( 284).

KINH DOANH THNG MAI

So sanh vi thuat ng kinh doanh trong

Luat Doanh Nghiep: Kinh doanh la viec
thc hien mot, mot so hoac tat ca
cac cong oan cua qua trnh au t,
t san xuat en tieu thu san pham
hoac cung ng dch vu tren th trng
nham muc ch sinh li.
Lien he: Quan niem ve thng mai
trong BTA:
+ Thng mai hang hoa;
+ Thng mai s hu tr tue;
+ Thng mai dch vu;
+ Thng mai au t.

PHAN LOAI HANH VI THNG MAI( LTM

1997)

Mua ban hang hoa;

ai dien cho thng nhan;
Moi gii thng mai;
Uy thac mua ban hang hoa;
ai ly mua ban hang hoa;
Gia cong trong thng mai;
au gia hang hoa;
au thau hang hoa;
Dch vu giao nhan hang hoa;
Dch vu giam nh hang hoa;
Khuyen mai;
Quang cao thng mai;
Trng bay gii thieu hang hoa;
Hoi ch, trien lam thng mai.

NOI DUNG CUA HP ONG

Ngay, thang, nam ky ket hp ong

Ten, a ch, so tai khoan va ngan hang giao
dch
Ho va ten ngi ai dien ( theo phap luat/ uy
quyen )
oi tng cua hp ong
So lng, khoi lng
Chat lng , chung loai, quy cach, tnh ong bo
san pham,
Gia ca
ieu kien nghiem thu, giao nhan
Phng thc thanh toan
Bao hanh
Cac bien phap bao am thc hien hp ong
Thi han co hieu lc cua hp ong
Trach nhiem do vi pham hp ong
Giai quyet tranh chap
Cac thoa thuan khac ( neu co )

NGI AI DIEN KY KET HP

ONG
ai dien theo phap luat:

- Ngi ng au phap nhan theo quy nh cua ieu

le phap nhan hoac quyet nh cua c quan nha
nc co tham quyen
- Chu ho gia nh oi vi ho gia nh
- To trng to hp tac oi vi to hp tac
- Nhng ngi khac theo quy nh cua phap luat
ai dien theo uy quyen:
Ngi ai dien theo uy quyen phai co nang lc
hanh vi
Uy quyen phai c lap thanh van ban
ai dien theo uy quyen cua ca nhan cham dt khi :
+ Thi han uy quyen a het hoac cong viec c
uy quyen a hoan thanh
+ Ngi uy quyen huy bo viec uy quyen hoac
ngi c uy quyen t choi viec uy quyen
+ Ngi uy quyen hoac ngi c uy quyen chet,
mat nang lc hanh vi dan s, b han che nang lc
hanh vi dan s, b toa an tuyen bo la a chet.

IEU KIEN HIEU LC CUA HP ONG

ieu kien ve chu the hp ong,

Ngi ai dien ky H,
Noi dung hp ong khong vi pham
ieu cam,
am bao cac nguyen tac cua
H theo quy nh( thoa thuan y
ch, bnh ang,),
Hnh thc cua H phu hp vi
quy nh PL.

PHNG THC KY KET HP ONG

e ngh giao ket hp ong( chao hang);

Chap nhan e ngh;
Sa oi, bo sung chao hang;
S im lang;

Thi iem giao ket hp ong

CAC TRNG HP HP ONG VO HIEU

(. 127-138BLDS)
Do vi pham ieu cam hoac vi pham
ao c,
Do gia tao,
Do nham lan,
Do b la doi, e doa,
Do nang lc hanh vi cua cac ben,
Do vi pham ve hnh thc H.
Cac trng hp vo hieu:

H vo hieu toan bo H vo hieu tng

phan
H vo hieu tuyet oi H vo hieu tng
oi

X LY HP ONG VO HIEU

H vo hieu khong lam phat sinh Q & NV

cua cac ben t thi iem giao ket. Cac
ben phai khoi phuc lai tnh trang ban
au; cu the:

Cac ben phai hoan tra tat ca nhng tai san

a nhan c, neu khong hoan tra bang
hien vat th hoan tra bang tien (neu tai san
khong thuoc dien b tch thu theo quy nh );
Ben co loi gay thiet hai phai boi thng cho
ben kia.

Lu y: Nhng ngi ky ket va thc hien

H tuy mc o vi pham se b x ly ky
luat, x phat hanh chnh hoac b truy
cu trach nhiem hnh s.

CHE TAI DO VI PHAM H- Theo Phap

lenh HKT 1989
Co quyen yeu cau ( khong han che hnh
thc che tai )
Buoc thc hien ung hp ong
Phat vi pham theo thoa thuan trong khung
phat t 2% en 12%:

Chat lng ( t 3% en 12% )

Thi han ( t 2% en 12% )
San pham khong ong bo ( t 6% en 12% )
Khong tiep nhan san pham ( t 4% en 12% )
Vi pham ngha vu thanh toan bang lai suat tn
dung qua han ( khong han che mc toi a )

Boi thng thiet hai trc tiep, hp ly,

thc te
Huy hp ong ( n phng nh ch viec
thc hien )

CHE TAI DO VI PHAM H LUAT THNG

MAI 2005
( Trach nhiem do vi pham hp ong)

Buoc thc hien ung hp ong.( .297)

Phat vi pham.(.300)
Buoc boi thng thiet hai.(.302)
Tam ngng thc hien hp ong.
nh ch thc hien hp ong.
Huy bo hp ong.
Cac bien phap khac do cac ben thoa
thuan khong trai vi nguyen tac c
ban cua phap luat Viet Nam, ieu
c quoc te ma Cong hoa xa hoi
chu ngha Viet Nam la thanh vien va
tap quan thng mai quoc te.

BUOC THC HIEN UNG HP ONG

Buoc thc hien ung hp ong la viec ben

b vi pham yeu cau ben vi pham thc hien
ung hp ong hoac dung cac bien phap
khac e hp ong c thc hien va ben vi
pham phai chu chi ph phat sinh.
Tr trng hp co thoa thuan khac, trong
thi gian ap dung che tai buoc thc hien
ung hp ong, ben b vi pham co quyen
yeu cau boi thng thiet hai va phat vi pham
nhng khong c ap dung cac che tai khac.
Trng hp ben vi pham khong thc hien che
tai buoc thc hien ung hp ong trong thi
han ma ben b vi pham an nh, ben b vi
pham c ap dung cac che tai khac e
bao ve quyen li chnh ang cua mnh.

PHAT VI PHAM HP ONG

Phat vi pham la viec ben b vi pham

yeu cau ben vi pham tra mot khoan
tien phat do vi pham hp ong neu
trong hp ong co thoa thuan, tr
cac trng hp mien trach nhiem quy
nh tai ieu 294 cua Luat TM.

Mc phat oi vi vi pham ngha vu hp

ong hoac tong mc phat oi vi
nhieu vi pham do cac ben thoa thuan
trong hp ong, nhng khong qua 8%
gia tr phan ngha vu hp ong b vi
pham, tr trng hp phat va boi
thng do giam nh sai (. 266 LTM).

BOI THNG THIET HAI

Boi thng thiet hai la viec ben vi pham boi thng

nhng ton that do hanh vi vi pham hp ong gay ra
cho ben b vi pham.
Gia tr boi thng thiet hai bao gom gia tr ton
that thc te, trc tiep, hp ly ma ben b vi pham
phai chu do ben vi pham gay ra va khoan li trc
tiep ma ben b vi pham ang le c hng neu
khong co hanh vi vi pham.
Can c phat sinh trach nhiem boi thng thiet hai:
1. Co hanh vi vi pham hp ong;
2. Co thiet hai thc te;
3. Hanh vi vi pham H la nguyen nhan trc tiep gay ra
thiet hai.
Ben yeu cau boi thng thiet hai phai chng minh
ton that, mc o ton that do hanh vi vi pham gay ra
va khoan li trc tiep ma ben b vi pham ang le
c hng neu khong co hanh vi vi pham; ong
thi cung phai co ngha vu han che ton that.

QUAN HE GIA CHE TAI PHAT VA BOI

THNG

Trng hp cac ben khong co

thoa thuan phat vi pham th ben
b vi pham ch co quyen yeu cau
boi thng thiet hai, tr trng
hp Luat TM co quy nh khac.
Trng hp cac ben co thoa
thuan phat vi pham th ben b vi
pham co quyen ap dung ca che
tai phat vi pham va buoc boi
thng thiet hai, tr trng hp
Luat nay co quy nh khac.

TAM NGNG THC HIEN VA NH CH THC

HIEN H

Tam ngng thc hien hp ong la viec mot ben

tam thi khong thc hien ngha vu hp ong
nh ch thc hien hp ong la viec mot ben
cham dt thc hien ngha vu hp ong. Can c:
- Xay ra hanh vi vi pham ma cac ben thoa thuan
la ieu kien e tam ngng hoac nh ch thc
hien ngha vu;
- Mot ben vi pham c ban ngha vu hp ong.
S khac biet: khi b nh ch th hp ong cham
dt t thi iem mot ben nhan c thong bao
nh ch. Cac ben khong phai tiep tuc thc hien
ngha vu hp ong. Ben a thc hien ngha vu co
quyen yeu cau ben kia thanh toan hoac thc hien
ngha vu oi ng. Trong khi o hp ong b tam
ngng thc hien th hp ong van con hieu lc;
co ngha la cac rang buoc ngha vu con ton tai
va se tiep tuc thc hien khi giai quyet xong
nhng hau qua cua viec tam ngng gay ra.

HUY HP ONG ( HUY TOAN BO HOAC HUY

MOT PHAN)

La viec bai bo hoan toan ( hoac mot phan) viec thc hien
hp ong.
Can c huy bo H (giong tam ngng hoac nh ch).
Viec huy bo mot phan H thng c ap dung trong trng
hp giao hang hoac cung ng dch vu tng phan. Trng hp
nay cac phan con lai trong hp ong van con hieu lc.
Hau qua phap ly: sau khi huy bo, hp ong khong co hieu
lc t thi iem giao ket, cac ben khong phai tiep tuc thc
hien cac ngha vu a thoa thuan trong H, tr thoa thuan
ve cac Q & NVsau khi huy bo H va ve van e giai quyet
tranh chap. Sau khi H b huy bo, cac ben co quyen oi lai
li ch do viec thc hien ngha vu vi ben kia; neu hai ben
eu co nghia vu hoan tra th viec hoan tra phai tien hanh
ong thi. Ben b vi pham trong trng hp huy bo hp ong
co quyen yeu cau boi thng thiet hai theo luat nh.
Ben b vi pham phai co trach nhiem thong bao ngay cho
ben kia biet quyet nh ap dung cac che tai. Trng hp
khong thong bao ngay ma gay thiet hai cho ben kia th phai
boi thng thiet hai.

CAC TRNG HP MIEN, GIAM TRACH

NHIEM

Xy ra trng hp min trch nhim m cc

bn tho thun;
Xy ra s kin bt kh khng;
Hnh vi vi phm ca mt bn hon ton do
li ca bn kia;
Hnh vi vi phm ca mt bn do thc hin
quyt nh ca c quan qun l nh nc c
thm quyn m cc bn khng th bit c
vo thi im giao kt hp ng.
Bn vi phm hp ng c ngha v chng
minh cc trng hp min trch nhim.

CAN C PHAT SINH TRACH NHIEM

PHAP LY VAN E LOI TRONG VI PHAM
HP ONG

Co hanh vi vi pham hp ong a ky

ket;
Co s thiet hai vat chat;
Moi lien he nhan qua gia hanh vi vi
pham hp ong va s thiet hai ( trc
tiep, thc te, hp ly);
Co loi cua ben vi pham.
Ben vi pham hp ong b coi la co
loi, neu khong chng minh c la
mnh khong co loi.

NHNG BIEN PHAP BAO AM TRONG

KD
( . 318 373 BLDS)

The chap tai san,

Cam co tai san,
Bao lanh,
at coc,
Ky cc,
Ky quy,
Tn chap.

THE CHAP TAI SAN

The chap tai san la viec

mot ben (ben the chap)
dung tai san thuoc s hu
cua mnh e am bao thc
hien ngha vu oi vi ben kia
(ben nhan the chap) va
khong chuyen giao tai san o
cho ben nhan the chap.

TAI SAN THE CHAP

+ Nha , cong trnh xay dng gan lien vi

at, ke ca cac tai san gan lien vi nha ,
cong trnh xay dng, cac TS khac gan lien vi
at.
+ Quyen s dung at ma PL ve at ai quy
nh c the chap.
+ Hoa li, li tc, khoan tien bao hiem va cac
quyen phat sinh t BS thuoc TS the chap neu
cac ben co thoa thuan hoac PL co quy nh.
+ Trng hp the chap toan bo ( hoac mot
phan BS ) co vat phu.
+ Tau bien, tau bay theo quy nh cua PL co
lien quan.
- Can lu y la viec the chap bang quyen s
dung at phai theo quy nh cua phap luat ve
at ai..( . 32 35; . 105 . 112 Luat at ai
2003)

IEU KIEN OI VI TAI SAN THE

CHAP/CAM CO

Thuoc quyen s hu cua ben

the chap;
c phep giao dch va khong
co tranh chap;
Ben the chap mua bao hiem
oi vi TS ma phap luat quy
nh phai c bao hiem.

HP ONG THE CHAP

Ten, a ch cua cac ben

Ho ten va a ch cua ngi ai dien u tham
quyen cua cac ben
So ngay, thang, nam cua H kinh doanh (trong o
co ngha vu can the chap)
So tai khoan va ngan hang giao dch
Loai tai san the chap (ghi ro so lng va gia tr
tai san)
Noi dung cua giay t ve quyen s dung at
Noi dung cua giay t ve s hu tai san
So tien vay, n
Thi gian the chap
Phng thc x ly tai san the chap (gan n,
au gia)
Quyen va ngha vu cua cac ben trong viec thc
hien H the chap
Cam ket cua hai ben thc hien ngha vu cua mnh.

CAM CO TAI SAN

La viec mot ben chu the H (ben

cam co) co ngha vu giao tai san la
ong san thuoc quyen s hu cua
mnh cho ben kia (ben nhan cam co)
e bao am thc hien ngha vu.
(.326)
Thong thng ben cam co giao tai
san cho ben nhan cam co. Neu tai
san la loai co quy nh ang ky
quyen s hu hoac co giay t
chng minh quyen s hu th co the
thoa thuan ben cam co van gi
tai san cam co (ch giao giay t
chng nhan quyen s hu tai san).

TAI SAN CAM CO

+ Cac ong san co gia tr, chuyen

nhng hoac mua ban c de dang bao
gom: phng tien van tai, phng tien i
lai, cong cu lao ong , may moc thiet b,
vat t hang hoava cac ong san khac .
+ Giay t tr gia c bang tien ang
con thi han hieu lc thanh toan nh so
tiet kiem, ky phieu, trai phieu
+ Kim loai quy, a quy
+ Quyen oi vi phan von gop trong DN;
quyen khai thac tai nguyen thien nhien.
+ Tau bien, tau bay trong trng hp
c cam co.
+ Li tc, cac quyen phat sinh t tai
san cam co.

TAI SAN KHONG C THE CHAP,

CAM CO

Tai san nha nc quy nh cam kinh doanh,

mua ban chuyen nhng
Tai san ang con tranh chap
Tai san khong thuoc s hu hp phap cua
ngi the chap, cam co, bao lanh.
Tai san i thue, i mn
Tai san ang b c quan co tham quyen tam
gi, niemphong, phong toa, tai san ang lam
thu tuc giai the, pha san doanh nghiep
Tai san ang the chap, cam co hoac bao
lanh thc hien ngha vu khac
Tai san kho cat gi, bao quan, kiem nh,
nh gia
at ai va tai san gan lien vi at ai
thuoc dien khong c the chap theo quy nh
(v du at khong giay t, at quy hoach)

BAO LANH TAI SAN

Bao lanh la trng hp ngi

th ba (ben bao lanh) cam ket vi
ben co quyen (ben nhan bao
lanh) se thc hien ngha vu thay
cho ben co ngha vu (ben c
bao lanh) neu khi en han ma
ben nay khong thc hien c.
Ben bao lanh thc hien viec bao
lanh bang tai san cua mnh hoac
cac ben co the thoa thuan ben
bao lanh phai the chap, cam co
tai san cho ben nhan bao lanh.

NOI DUNG CUA HP ONG BAO LANH

Cam ket cua ben bao lanh ve viec

thc hien ngha vu thay cho ben c
bao lanh
Ngha vu c bao lanh, pham vi bao
lanh va ben c bao lanh;
Tai san bao lanh, gia tr tai san;
Quyen va ngha vu cua cac ben;
Cac trng hp x ly va phng thc
x ly tai san bao lanh;
Cac thoa thuan khac.

MOT SO LU Y TRONG VIEC THC HIEN

GIAO DCH BAO AM (theo N

Tai san bao

am
thc hien nhieu ngha
165/CP/1999
&N
08/CP/2000)

vu( .6&14 );
Hieu lc cua giao dch bao am (.16);
Quyen va ngha vu cua cac ben trong
trng hp gi tai san bao am( . 17,18);
Bao am bang tai san hnh thanh trong
tng lai( .19);
Trach nhiem cua ben gi tai san bao
am trong trng hp tai san b mat mat,
h hong( . 20)
ang ky giao dch bao am( . 13&
N08/CP/2000)
Cung cap thong tin ve giao dch bao am
( .24&25 N08/CP/2000)
Mot so ieu chnh trong N 181/CP ngay
29/10/2004( . 9, . 64, . 153).

THE CHAP QUYEN S DUNG AT

Cac trng hp giao at:

Giao at khong thu tien s dung at ( . 33 L)

Giao at co thu tien s dung at ( . 34)
Cho thue at thu tien thue at hang nam
( .35.1) hoac thu tien thue at mot lan cho ca
thi gian thue(.35.2).

at c tham gia th trng bat ong san

gom nhng loai at ma luat cho phep
ngi s at co mot trong cac quyen
chuyen oi, chuyen nhng, cho thue, cho
thue lai, tha ke, tang cho, the chap,
bao lanh, gop von bang QSD(. 59k1.
N181) at thue ma tren o co tai san
c phap luat cho phep tham gia vao th
trng BS ( . 61 L va d. 59k2 N 181).

THE CHAP QUYEN S DUNG AT (tt)

Cac quyen cua ngi s dung at: Quyen

chuyen oi, chuyen nhng, cho thue, cho thue
lai, tha ke, tang cho quyen s dung at;
quyen the chap, bao lanh, gop von bang
quyen s dung at; quyen c boi thng
khi nha nc thu hoi.
Quyen va ngha vu cua to chc c nha
nc giao at khong thu tien s dung at(.
109L);
Quyen va ngha vu cua to chc kinh te c
nha nc giao at co thu tien s dung
at(.110);ke ca trng hp at nhan chuyen
nhng QSD ( .112);
Quyen va ngha vu cua to chc kinh te s
dung at thue( . 111L).

THE CHAP QUYEN S DUNG AT (tt)

Cac giao dch bao am ve quyen s

dung at phai c ang ky (.64 N
181) tai c quan thc hien ang ky giao
dch la Van phong ang ky quyen
s dung at ( .9 N 181);
ang ky giao dch bao am ve QSD
gom cac trng hp sau: ( xem .64
k1.N 181)
Trnh t, thu tuc ang ky the chap,
bao lanh bang quyen s dung at( .
153 N 181).

X LY TAI SAN GIAO DCH BAO AM

Cac trng hp x ly tai san bao am:

en thi han thc hien ngha vu ma ben
bao am khong thc hien hoac thc hien
khong ung ngha vu;
Ben bao am vi pham ngha vu cua mnh
dan en viec phai thc hien ngha vu
trc thi han, nhng van khong thc hien
hoac thc hien khong ung ngha vu;
Phap luat quy nh tai san bao am phai
c x ly e ben bao am thc hien
ngha vu khac a en han;
Ben bao am la doanh nghiep b toa an
tuyen bo pha san, b giai the theo quyet
nh cua c quan nha nc co tham quyen;
Cac trng hp khac do cac ben thoa
thuan hoac phap luat quy nh.

X LY TAI SAN GIAO DCH BAO

AM(tt)

Phng thc x ly tai san bao am:

Ban tai san bao am ( .30 N 165 /
1999)
Ben nhan bao am nhan chnh tai san
bao am e thay the cho viec bao
am thc hien nghia vu c bao am
( . 33 N 165);
Ben nhan bao am trc tiep nhan cac
khoan tien hoac tai san ma ngi
th ba phai giao cho ben bao am.
Van e chuyen quyen s hu tai san,
quyen s dung at theo quy nh tai
.38 N 165/1999)

PHAN 3:
PHAP LUAT VE PHA SAN

Doanh nghiep, hp tac xa khong co kha

nang thanh toan c cac khoan n en
han khi chu n co yeu cau th coi la lam
vao tnh trang pha san.( . 3 Luat Pha
San - 2004 )

Doanh nghiep lam vao tnh trang PS la DN

gap kho khan hoac thua lo trong hoat
ong KD, sau khi ap dung cac bien phap
tai chnh can thiet ma van mat kha
nang thanh toan n en han.( LPSDN 1993)

PHAN BIET GIAI THE VA PHA SAN

Ly do giai the a dang hn : khach quan va chu

quan

Giai the do quyet nh cua doanh nghiep, do c

quan co tham quyen thanh lap quyet nh; con
pha san chu yeu do e ngh cua chu n va toa
an quyet nh
Giai the - thu tuc hanh chnh ; PS - thu tuc t
phap

Giai the => cham dt hong DN, xoa ten trong

so KKD , con Pha san khong nhat thiet nh
vay.

Trach nhiem cua chu s hu, ngi quan ly

ieu hanh trong trng hp giai the va PS co s
khac nhau .

MUC CH CUA LUAT PHA SAN

Bao ve li ch chnh ang cua

chu n va cua doanh nghiep
mac n;
Bao ve quyen li cua ngi
lao ong;
Gop phan am bao trat t
xa hoi, tao moi trng kinh
doanh an toan, van minh.

OI TNG IEU CHNH-NGI CO

QUYEN VA NGHA VU NOP N-C QUAN

oi tng
ieu chnh: tat ca cac DN thuoc
THAM
QUYEN

moi thanh phan kinh te(tr cac ho kinh

doanh ca the, DN quoc phong,an ninh); hp
tac xa.
oi tng co quyen va ngha vu nop n:
Chu n khong bao am hoac bao am mot
phan; ngi lao ong; DN mac n; ai dien
chu s hu DNNN; co ong cua cong ty co
phan; thanh vien hp danh cua cong ty hp
danh;Toa an, VKS, c quan thanh tra, c quan
quan ly von, to chc kiem toan,(. 20 LPS)
C quan co tham quyen giai quyet PS :TAND
cap huyen x ly pha san oi vi HTX ang
ky kinh doanh tai huyen o; TAND cap tnh:
cac DN, HTX ang ky kinh doanh tai tnh o.

TO QUAN LY, THANH LY TAI SAN

Gom cac thanh vien:

Chap hanhvien cua c quan THA

( to trng)
Can bo cua Toa an
ai dien chu n
ai dien DN mac n.

Ngoai ra, tuy tng trng hp

co the co ai dien cong oan,
ai dien NL, ai dien cac c
quan chuyen mon do tham phan
xem xet va quyet nh.

TO Q LY, THANH LY TS: NHIEM VU,

QUYEN HAN

Lap bang ke toan bo tai san hien co

cua DN
Giam sat, kiem tra viec s dung tai
san DN
e ngh Tham phan quyet nh ap dung
cac bien phap khan cap tam thi trong
trng hp can thiet.
Lap danh sach cac chu n va so n
phai tra cho tng chu n, nhng ngi
mac n va so n phai oi cua DN
Thu hoi va quan ly TS, tai lieu, so ke
toan va con dau cua DN b ap dung thu
tuc thanh ly.
Thc hien phng an phan chia tai san
theo quyet nh cua Tham phan

TO Q LY, THANH LY TS: NHIEM VU,

QUYEN HAN(tt)

Phat hien va e ngh Tham phan ra quyet

nh thu hoi lai tai san, gia tr tai san hay
phan chenh lech gia tr tai san cua DN b ap
dung thu tuc thanh ly a ban hoac chuyen
giao bat hp phap trong nhng trng hp LPS
quy nh.
Thi hanh quyet nh cua Tham phan ve viec
ban au gia tai san cua DN b ap dung thu
tuc thanh ly theo ung quy nh cua phap luat
ve ban au gia.
Gi cac khoan tien thu c t nhng ngi
mac n va t viec ban au gia tai san cua
doanh nghiep, hp tac xa vao tai khoan m
tai ngan hang.
Thi hanh cac quyet nh khac cua Tham phan
trong qua trnh tien hanh thu tuc pha san

NHNG HANH VI B CAM

Ke t ngay nhan c Q m thu

tucCam DN:
Cat giau, tau tan tai san
Thanh toan n khong co bao am
T bo hoac giam bt quyen oi
n
Chuyen cac khoan n khong co
bao am thanh n co bao am
bang tai san cua doanh nghiep

CAC HOAT ONG PHAI C S ONG Y

BANG VAN BAN CUA THAM PHAN TRC KHI
THC HIEN :

Cam co, the chap, chuyen nhng, ban, tang

cho, cho thue tai san
Nhan tai san t mot hp ong chuyen
nhng
Cham dt thc hien hp ong a co hieu lc
Vay tien
Ban, chuyen oi CP hoac chuyen quyen s
hu tai san
Thanh toan cac khoan n mi phat sinh t
hoat ong KD cua DN va tra lng cho NL trong
DN.

Moi hoat ong kinh doanh cua DN sau khi co

quyet nh m thu tuc PS van c tien
hanh bnh thng, nhng phai chu s giam
sat, kiem tra cua Tham phan va To Quan
ly, thanh ly TS.

THU TUC PHA SAN

Khi kien va thu ly

Ra quyet nh m thu tuc pha
san
To chc Hoi ngh chu n

Phuc hoi
Thanh ly tai san

Tuyen bo pha san doanh nghiep

SAU KHI RA QUYET NH M THU TUC

PHA SAN

ong thi ra Q thanh lap to QLy &

Thanh ly tai san;
Thong bao Q M TTPS cho cac oi
tng( .29)
Kiem ke tai san cua DN;
Lap danh sach chu n;
Xem xet va tuyen bo cac giao dch
vo hieu ( neu co) . 43;
nh ch thc hien H ang co hieu lc
( neu co); .45
Tien hanh hoi ngh chu n.

HOI NGH CHU N

Ngi co quyen tham d HN CHU N:

+ Cac CN co ten trong DSCN. Co the uy quyen
bang van ban cho ngi khac tham gia HNCN,
ngi c uy quyen co Q&NV nh chu n.
+ ai dien NL, ai dien cong oan c NL
uy quyen.
+ Ngi bao lanh sau khi a tra n thay cho DN,
Ngi co ngha vu tham d HNCN:
+ Ngi nop n yeu cau PS . Co the uy
quyen bang van ban cho ngi khac tham gia.
( Q&NV nh chu n),
Chu DNTN (chu DN chet th ngi tha ke hp
phap)
+ ai dien cho DN lam vao tnh trang PS. Neu
khong co ngi ai dien th Tham phan ch
nh ngi ai dien cho DN o tham gia HNCN.

TO CHC HOI NGH CHU N

Hoi ngh chu n ch hp le khi :

HNCN c hoan 1 lan neu co 1 trong cac

trng sau :

Qua na so chu n khong co bao am ai

dien cho t 2/3 tong so n khong co bao am
tr len tham gia.
Co s tham gia cua ngi co ngha vu theo quy
nh tai Luat Pha san

Khong u qua na so chu n khong co bao

am ai dien cho t 2/3 tong so n khong co
bao am tr len tham gia.
Qua na so chu n khong co bao am co mat
tai HNCN bieu quyet e ngh hoan.
Nhng ngi co ngha vu tham gia theo quy nh tai
LPS vang mat ma co ly do chnh ang.

Trng hp Tham phan ra quyet nh hoan HNCN

th trong thi han 30 ngay, ke t ngay ra quyet
nh hoan, Tham phan phai trieu tap lai HNCN.

NOI DUNG HOI NGH CHU N

Nghe thbao ve tnh hnh KD, thtrang tai chnh cua DN;
kiem ke tai san, DS chu n, DS ngi mac n,
Chu DN hoac ngi ai dien hp phap cua DN trnh
bay y kien va e xuat phng an, giai phap to
chc lai hoat ong KD, kha nang va thi han thanh
toan n.
HNCN thao luan ve ndung thbao va y kien cua
chu DN
HNCN thong qua ngh quyet. Van ban NQ phai c
qua na so chu n khong co bao am co mat
tai hoi ngh ai dien cho t 2/3 tong so n khong
co bao am tr len thong qua. Ngh quyet cua
HNCN co hieu lc rang buoc oi vi tat ca cac
chu n.
Trng hp phai thay ngi ai dien cho cac chu
n trong thanh phan To Quan ly, thanh ly tai san
th HNCN bau ngi thay the.
e ngh Tham phan ra quyet nh c ngi quan
ly va ieu hanh hoat ong KD cua DN, HTX lam
vao tnh trang PS.

QNH TUYEN BO PSDN TRONG TRNG

HP AC BIET (KHONG TO CHC
HNCN )

Trong thi han 30 ngay, ke t ngay het

thi han nop tien tam ng ph PS do Toa
an an nh, chu DN hoac ai dien hp
phap cua DN nop n yeu cau m thu tuc
PS khong con tien va tai san e nop tien
tam ng ph PS th Toa an ra quyet nh
tuyen bo DN b pha san.
Sau khi thu ly n yeu cau m thu tuc PS
va nhan cac tai lieu, giay t do cac ben
co lien gi en, Toa an ra quyet nh
tuyen bo DN b PS neu DN lam vao tnh
trang PS khong con tai san hoac con nhng
khong u e thanh toan ph PS.( . 87 LPS)

THU TUC PHUC HOI HOAT ONG KD

CUA DN

Tham phan ra quyet nh ap dung thu tuc phuc

hoi sau khi HNCN lan th nhat thong qua ngh
quyet ong y voi cac giai phap to chc lai hoat
ong KD, ke hoach thanh toan n cho cac chu n
va yeu cau DN phai xay dng phng an phuc hoi
Trong thi han 30 ngay, ke t ngay HNCN lan 1
thong qua Ngh quyet, DN phai xay dng phng an
phuc hoi va nop cho Toa an; neu thay can phai
co thi gian dai hn th phai co van ban e ngh
gia han. Thi han gia han khong qua 30 ngay.
Trong thi han noi tren, bat ky chu n hoac
ngi nao nhan ngha vu phuc hoi hoat ong KD
cua DN eu co quyen xay dng d thao phng
an phuc hoi hoat ong KD cho DN va nop cho Toa
an.
Phng an phuc hoi hoat ong KD phai neu ro
cac bien phap can thiet e phuc hoi hoat ong
KD; cac ieu kien, thi han va ke hoach thanh
toan cac khoan n.

CAC BIEN PHAP PHUC HOI HOAT

ONG KD

Huy ong von mi

Thay oi mat hang san xuat, kinh doanh
oi mi cong nghe san xuat
To chc lai bo may quan ly; sap nhap hoac chia,
tach bo phan san xuat nham nang cao nang
suat, chat lng san xuat.
Ban lai co phan cho chu n
Ban hoac cho thue tai san khong can thiet
Cac bien phap khac khong trai phap luat

Trong thi han 15 ngay, ke t ngay nhan

c phong an phuc hoi hoat ong KD,
Tham phan phai xem xet phng an phuc
hoi hoat ong KD e ra mot trong cac
quyet nh :

a phng an ra Hoi ngh chu n xem xet, quyet

nh
e ngh sa oi, bo sung phng an phuc hoi
hoat ong kinh doanh

THU TUC THANH LY TAI SAN OI VI

DN
Trng hp 1 : Thanh ly tai san khi Hoi
ngh chu n khong thanh trong nhng
trng hp sau :(. 79)
Chu DN hoac ai dien hp phap
cua DN mac n khong tham gia
HNCN ma khong co ly do chnh
ang.
Khong u so chu n quy nh tham
gia Hoi ngh chu n sau khi HNCN
a c hoan mot lan.

THU TUC THANH LY TAI SAN OI VI

DN(tt)

Trng hp 2 : Thanh ly tai san sau khi co NQ cua

HNCN:
Sau khi HNCN thong qua Ngh quyet ong y giai
phap to chc lai hoat ongKD, ke hoach thanh
toan n cho cac chu n va yeu cau doanh nghiep,
hp tac xa phai xay dng phng an phuc hoi
hoat ong kinh doanh, neu co mot trong cac trng
hp sau, TA ra Q m thu tuc thanh ly TS:
+ Doanh nghiep khong xay dng c ph an phuc
hoi trong thi han quy nh (K.1 . 68 Lut Pha san).
+ HNCN khong thong qua phng an phuc hoi cua
DN;
+ DN khong thc hien hoac thc hien khong ung
phng an phuc hoi, tr trng hp co thoa thuan
khac.(.80)

TH T PHAN CHIA TAI SAN

Cac khoan le ph, chi ph PS

Cac khoan n lng, tr cap
thoi viec, bao hiem xa hoi
theo quy nh phap luat va
theo hp ong lao ong;
Cac khoan n khong co bao
am tra cho cac chu n trong
danh sach chu n
Chu Doanh nghiep ( neu con )