Professional Documents
Culture Documents
OMA000001
GSM Fundamentals
ISSUE 4.0
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References
BSS Feature Description
BSS Signaling Analysis Manual
BSC Technical Manual
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radios spread out over the geographical service area. Each group of
radios serve MSs presently located near them. The area served by
each group of radios is called a CELL
Uplink and downlink signals for one user are assigned different
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GSM Development
1989
1991
1992
1994
1996
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Cell Technique
Macro Cell and Micro Cell
A certain radio coverage area formed by a set of transceivers that
Later the Low-Power BTS joins the system for getting a better service
area with high capacity . At the same time it adopts the frequency reuse
technique to improve the efficiency of the frequency utilization and also
the whole capacity of the network.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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FDMA
FDMA uses different frequency
channels to accomplish
communication.
Frequency
Time
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TDMA
TDMA accomplishes the
communication in different
timeslot.
Frequency
Time
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CDMA
CDMA accomplishes the
communication in different
code sequences.
Frequency
Time
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Uplink
890
Downlink
915
935
Duplex Separation:
Channel Bandwidth:
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960MHz
45MHz
200KHz
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Duplex Separation:
Channel Bandwidth:
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1880MHz
95MHz
200KHz
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Uplink Frequency
Frequency
Point
Available
Downlink
Frequency
GSM 450
450.4~457.6
460.4~467.6
Fu(n)=450.6+0.2(n259)
259<=n<=293
Fd(n)=Fu(n)+10
GSM 480
478.8~486
488.8~496
Fu(n)=479+0.2(n-306)
306<=n<=340
Fd(n)=Fu(n)+10
GSM 850
824~849
869~894
Fu(n)=824.2+0.2(n128)
128<=n<=251
Fd(n)=Fu(n)+45
E-GSM
900
880~915
925~960
Fu(n)=890+0.2n
Fu(n)=890+0.2(n-1024)
0<=n<=124
975<=n<=102
3
Fd(n)=Fu(n)+45
R-GSM
900
876~915
921~960
Fu(n)=890+0.2n
Fu(n)=890+0.2(n-1024)
0<=n<=124
955<=n<=102
3
Fd(n)=Fu(n)+45
1850~1910
Fu(n)=1850.2+0.2(n512<=n<=810
1930~1990
512)
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All rights reserved
Fd(n)=Fu(n)+80
PCS 1900
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Frequency Reuse
The frequency resource of mobile system is very limited.
The different Subscribers can use the same frequency in
different places.
The quality of communication must be ensured.
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Frequency Reuse
2
7
23
1
4
5
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Frequency Reuse
7
11
6
10
8
12
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Cell Types
Omni
Omni-directional Cell
1
1
120
degree
3
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PSTN
ISDN
GMSC
BSC
HLR/AUC
BTS
PCU
SS7
BSC
MS
SMS system
BTS
Internet,
Intranet
GPRS Backbone
SGSN
OMC
CG
GGSN
BG
Other PLMN
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PSTN
ISDN
GMSC
Abis
BSC
BTS
PCU
SS7
Gb
BSC
MS Um
HLR/AUC
C/D/Gs
Gr/Gs/Gd/Ge
BTS
SMS system
Gc
GPRS backbone
SGSN
Ga
OMC
CG
Gi
GGSN
BG
Gp
Internet,
Intranet
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Other PLMN
Mobile StationMS
MS=ME+SIM
International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI)
Mobile Equipment
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(IMSI)
Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI)
SIM
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BSC
BSS
BTS
The Trans-coder TC and
TC/SM
TC/SM
BSC
BSC
BTS
BTS
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switching
Bridge between
BSS
TC/SM
TC/SM
GPRS
Backbone
Gb interface
BSC
BSC
PCU
PCU
BTS
BTS
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SGSN
SGSN
NSS
OMC
AUC
AUC
HLR
HLR
EIR
EIR
EC
EC
MSC/VLR
MSC/VLR
MSC
HLR
VLR
EIR
AUC
EC
BSS
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PSTN
Call Processing
Operations and Maintenance Support
Interface management
Inter-network & Inter-working
Billing
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Grey List
If NOT found
EIR focus on the
equipment , not the
subscriber!!
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Event/Alarm
Management
MMI
OS
DB
Fault
Management
Configuration
Management
Performance
Management
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Service Area
Service Area
PLMN
PLMN service
service area
area
MSC service area...
Location area...
Location area...
cell
cell
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......
LAI
MCC
MNC
LAC
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CGI
CGI: Cell Global Identification
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BSIC
BSIC Base Station Identification Color Code)
NCC
BCC
BSIC
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MSISDN
CC
NDC
SN
National (significant)
Mobile number
Mobile station international
ISDN number
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IMSI
Not more than 15 digits
3 digits
2 digits
MCC
MNC
MSIN
NMSI
IMSI
MCC: Mobile Country Code It consists of 3 digits .
For example: The MCC of China is "460"
MNC: Mobile Network Code It consists of 2 digits .
For example: The MNC of China Telecom is "00"
MSIN: Mobile Subscriber Identification Number. H1H2H3 S ABCDEF
For example: 666-9777001
NMSI: National Mobile Subscriber Identification MNC and MSIN
form it together.
For Example of IMSI : 460-00-666-9777001
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TMSI
TMSI: Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identification)
The TMSI is assigned only after successful subscriber
authentication.
The VLR controls the allocation of new TMSI numbers and notifies
the operator.
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IMEI
IMEI: International Mobile Station Equipment Identification
TAC
FAC
SNR
SP
IMEI
TAC:
TAC: Type
Type approval
approval code,
code, 66 bit,
bit, determined
determined by
by the
the type
type approval
approval center
center
FAC:
FAC: Final
Final assembly
assembly code,
code, 22 bit,
bit, ItIt isis determined
determined by
by the
the manufacturer.
manufacturer.
SNR:
SNR: Serial
Serial number,
number,66 bits,
bits, ItIt isis issued
issued by
by the
the manufacturer
manufacturer of
of the
the MS.
MS.
SP:
SP: 11 bit
bit ,, Not
Not used.
used.
Check
Check the
the IMEI
IMEI in
in your
your MS
MS :: *#06#
*#06#
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1 2
Timeslot
3 4
5 6
7 0
1 2
The
Theinformation
informationcarried
carriedin
inone
onetime
time
slot
slotis
iscalled
calledaaburst
burst
TDMA FRAME
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TDMA FRAME
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Speech
TCH/FS
TCH/HS
Data
TCH/9.6
TCH/2.4
TCH/4.8
All rights reserved
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FACCH
BCH
ACCH
BCCH
SACCH
CCCH
RACH
SCH
CBCH
PCH/AGCH
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Synch. CH.
FCCH
BCH
BCCH
Synch.
Channels
SCH
FCCH
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CCCH
RACH
uplink
CBCH
downlink
PCH/AGCH
downlink
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CCH
DCCH
SDCCH
FACCH
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ACCH
SACCH
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RACH
CCCH
SDCCH
SACCH
DCCH
CCH
DCH
FACCH
TCH/F
TCH/H
TCH
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CCH
BCCH
SCH
BCCH
CCCH
PCH
AGCH
SDCCH
DCH
DCCH
SACCH
FACCH
TCH
TCH/F
TCH/H
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FCCH
SCH
BCCH
Idle mode
Idle mode
PCH
RACH
AGCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
TCH
FACCH
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TCH
Packet service channel (PDTCH)
BCCH
CCCH
SACCH
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Mode 1: PBCCH+PCCCH+PDTCH+PACCH+PTCCH;
Mode 2: PCCCH+PDTCH+PACCH+PTCCH;
Mode 3: PDTCH+PACCH+PTCCH
In case of small GPRS traffic, GPRS and circuit services use the same BCCH
and CCCH in the cell. In this case, only combination mode 3 is needed in the cell
With the increase of traffic, the packet public channel should be configured in the
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GSM Multi-frames
TDMA Frames
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
46 47 48 49 50
51 Frame Multi-frames
CONTROL
CHANNELS
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GSM Multi-frames
TDMA Frames
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 1 2 3 4
21 22 23 24 25
26 Frame Multi-frames
TRAFFIC
CHANNELS
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Power Control
Both Uplink and Downlink
power settings can be
controlled
independently
and individually.
5W
0.8W
8W
BCCH ------Does not attend Power control
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Battery Saving
Interference reduction
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TA
Transmission delay t
Transmission delay t
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Multi-path Fading
Diversity
Frequency Hopping
Time Dispersion
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Kinds of Diversity
Time diversity
Coding, interleaving
Frequency diversity
Frequency hopping
Space diversity
Multiple antennas
Polarization diversity
Dual-polarized antennas
Multi-path diversity
Equalizer
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Frequency Hopping
Frequency
f0
f1
f2
f3
f4
Frame
Time
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3G
2.5G
2G
115 kbps
57.6 kbps
9.6 kbps
2Mbps
384kbps
IMT-2000
EDGE
GPRS
HSCSD
GSM
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8PSK
GMSK
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Summary
Page 69
Thank You
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