Guided by-

MUSCLES
OF
MASTICATI
ON

Dr. Manohar Bhat

Dr. Rajesh Sharma
Dr. Satish V
Dr. Vishwas
Dr. Prabha devi
Dr. Sudhanshu
Dr. Kalyan
Dr. Abhishek
khairwa
Presented byDr. Vishakha
Mittal

Introductio
nMuscle An organ that by contraction

produces movements.

A tissue composed of contractile cells

or fibers that effect movement of an

organ or part of the body.

Mastication Mastication or chewing is the process

by Which food is crushed and ground

by teeth

It is a repetitive sequence of jaw

opening and closing.

1st step to digestion.

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Muscles of
Masticatio
n

Introduction
Development
Classification

Introductio
nThe muscles of mastication start from
skull to the mandible, allowing the jaw
movements While chewing.

The Muscles of mastication enable the

lower jaw to make closing, opening,
protrusive, & retrusive movements along
with movements to the right & left sides.

Four pair of muscles makes chewing

possible.
These muscles along with accessory ones
together are termed as Muscles of
Mastication.

Development-> Develop from mesoderm of Ist branchial

arch
-> :. Supplied by nerve of the arch i.e
mandibular nerve

ClassificationPRIMARY MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

I.
ACCESSORY MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

PRIMARY MUSCLES
ACCESSORY MUSCLES
1. Temporalis
2. Masseter
Suprahyoid muscles
3. Lateral pterygoid
Digastric
4. Medial pterygoid
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid

->
->
->

ClassificationII. Functional Classification

Jaw Elevators
Depressors
-> Masseter
-> Temporalis
-> Medial pterygoid

Jaw
-> Lateral Pterygoid
-> Anterior digastric
-> Geniohyoid
-> Mylohyoid

Primary
Muscles of
Masticatio
n

TEMPORALIS
MASSETER
LATERAL PTERYGOID
MEDIAL PTERYGOID

Fan shaped
Fills temporal fossa

Temporal fascia

Origin1. Floor of the temporal

fossa
2. Under surface of
temporal fascia
CourseAnt fibers- vertically
downward
Post fibers- horizontally
forward
Intermediate fibersobliquely
Insertion-> Tip, anterior, &
posterior border &
medial surface of
coronoid process of
mandible
-> Ant border of ramus of
mandible

Temporalis

Action1. Elevate mandible

2. Retract protruded
mandible
Nerve SupplyDeep temporal branches
from ant division of V3
nerve
Blood supply-> Superficial temporal A
-> Superficial temporal
vein & Middle temporal
vein

Temporalis

Sudden
contraction of
temporalis
fracture of
coronoid
process

P
A
L
P
A
T
I
O
N

Temporalis
To locate the muscle ,have the patient clench

Quadrilateral
Multipennate fibers
Covers lateral
surface of ramus

Origin-> Lower border and

deep surface of
zygomatic arch
-> Zygomatic process
of maxilla
CourseSuperficial layer- d/w
& b/w at an angle of
45

Masset
Middle & deep layervertically d/w.
er

InsertionSuperficial fiberslower part of lateral

surface of ramus
Middle & deep fibersmiddle part of the
ramus & upper part of
the ramus & coronoid
process respectively.
Actions1. Elevates the
mandible
2. Clenching
3. Protrusion
Nerve SupplyMassetric nerve

Masset
er

Blood Supply-> Massetric A

-> Maxillary vein

P
A
L
P
A
T
I
O
N

Ask the patient to clench

Bilateral extraoral palpation alongthe
zygomatic arch andcontinue to palpate down
the body of themandible where the masseter
is attached

Short, thick, conical

muscle
Key muscle of
infratemporal fossa.

OriginUpper headinfratemporal surface &

crest of greater Wing of
sphenoid bone
Lower head- Lateral
surface of lateral
pterygoid plate
CourseBoth heads converge &
run b/W & laterally
Insertion-> Pterygoid fovea
-> Ant margin of articular
disc & capsule of TMJ.

Lateral Pterygoid

Click icon to add picture

Nerve SupplyPterygoid branch frm

ant division of V3
Blood SupplyMaxillary A
Ascending palatine
artery
Actions-> Assists in
depression of
mandible
-> protrusion of
mandible
-> side to side
movement
along With
Lateral
Pterygoid
medial pterygoid

Most commonly involved muscle in MPDS

U/L failure to contract deviation of mandible to

affected side on opening
B/L failure to contract Limited opening
Loss of protrusion
Loss of lateral
deviation

Lateral Pterygoid

Clinical
Aspect

 Thick, quadrilateral
muscle
OriginSuperficial headFrom maxillary
tuberosity & adjoining
surface of pyramidal
process of palatine bone
Deep head- Medial
surface of lateral
pterygoid plate
CourseFibers inclines obliquely,
run d/W, b/W & laterally.
Insertion1. Medial surface of
ramus of mandible
postero inferior to the
mylohyoid groove .
2. Inner aspect of angle
of mandible

Medial Pterygoid

Click icon to add picture

Actions1. Assists in elevation
2. Causes protrusion
along With lateral
pterygoid
3. Helps in side to side
movement i.e grinding
of food.
Nerve SupplyNerve to medial
pterygoid main trunk
of V3 nerve.
Blood supply-> Facial A
-> Lingual vein

Medial Pterygoid

commonly involved muscle in MPDS

Improper IANB Spasm & consequent trismus

Medial Pterygoid

Clinical
Aspect

Accessory
Muscles of
Masticatio
n

DIGASTRIC
MYLOHYOID
GENIOHYOID
STYLOHYOID

MUSCLE

ORIGIN

DIGASTRIC Ant bellydigastric fossa

Post bellyMastoid
process

INSERTION

NERVE
SUPPLY

ACTION

Hyoid bone
Via
intermediate
tendon

Ant bellymylohyoid
nerve
Post bellybranch of
facial nerve

Depresses
mandible

MYLOHYOI
D

Mylohyoid line 1. Median

raphe
2. Hyoid
bone

Mylohyoid
nerve

-> Elevates
floor of mouth
-> Depresses
mandible
-> Elevates
hyoid

GENIOHYO
ID

Genial
tubercle

Body of
hyoid bone

C1 via
Hypoglossal
nerve

-> Elevates
hyoid bone
-> depresses
mandible

STYLOHYO
ID

Styloid
process

Junction of
body and
greater
cornua of
hyoid bone

Facial nerve

-> pulls hyoid

u/W and b/W
-> With other
hyoid muscles
fixes hyoid

MUSCLE

ORIGIN

DIGASTRIC Ant bellydigastric fossa

Post bellyMastoid
process

INSERTION

NERVE
SUPPLY

ACTION

Hyoid bone
Via
intermediate
tendon

Ant bellymylohyoid
nerve
Post bellybranch of
facial nerve

Depresses
mandible

MYLOHYOI
D

Mylohyoid line 1. Median

raphe
2. Hyoid
bone

Mylohyoid
nerve

-> Elevates
floor of mouth
-> Depresses
mandible
-> Elevates
hyoid

GENIOHYO
ID

Genial
tubercle

Body of
hyoid bone

C1 via
Hypoglossal
nerve

-> Elevates
hyoid bone
-> depresses
mandible

STYLOHYO
ID

Styloid
process

Junction of
body and
greater
cornua of
hyoid bone

Facial nerve

-> pulls hyoid

u/W and b/W
-> With other
hyoid muscles
fixes hyoid

Geniohyo
id

Movement
s of
mandible

Retraction
Opening/
Depression
Closing/ Elevation
Chewing/ Side to
side movement

PROTRACTIO
N
RETRACTION

DEPRESSION
ELEVATIO
N
SIDE TO
SIDE

-> Masseter
-> Temporalis
(A)
-> Medial
pterygoid
-> Medial
(B)
Pterygoid
-> Lateral
Pterygoid
->
Lateral
Pterygoid
(C)
-> Ant belly of
digastric
-> Geniohyoid
->
->Mylohyoid
Posterior fibers
(D)
of Temporalis
-> Medial
Pterygoid
-> Lateral

(E)

MANDIBULAR FRACTURE

APPLIED
ASPECT

TETANUS
MPDS
MYAESTHENIA GRAVIS
TRISMUS

Mandibular
Fracture
THE CONTRACTION OF MUSCLES OF MASTICATION AFFECTS THE

DISPLACEMENT OF FRACTURE.

Condylar
Ramus
Coronoid
Process
Symphysis &
parasymphysis
Angle of
mandible.

Trismu
s

Muscle spasm resulting in

defective mouth opening.

Causes-

-> Trauma to the muscles in

the infratemporal space.
-> Repeated needle insertion.
-> Low grade infection.

Trismu
Tetanu
s

iu
d
i
r
st
o
l
C an i
tet

Lock Jaw

Tetanus is an acute infection of

the nervous system characterized
by intense activity of motor
neurons resulting in severe
muscle spasm.

Ctzed by lock jaw or trismus due

to spasm of masseter Which is
the initial symptom.
Antibiotics- Pn 10-12
million units IV.
Antitoxin- TIG 3000-6000
units IM

MPDS

Myofascial Pain dysfunction

Syndrome

MPDS is a ds ctzed by Pain and limited mandibular

movement.

Also
known as
CMP

It is ctzed by local areas of firm, hypersensitive bands of

muscle tissue k/a trigger points
CausesParafunctional habits,
bruxism, clenching,
emotional stress, muscle
spasm.

Symptoms-> Myalgia
-> ed range of
mandibular
movement

SUMMARY

TEMPORALIS

MASSETER

MEDIAL PTERYGOID
2
3

LATERAL PTERYGOID

Post trematic is on cranial side

and pretrematic is on caudal side

Pre (caudal)

Post (cranial)
5
7
9
10