MECH-4310: Principles of Turbomachinery

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Instructor Information
Instructor:
Dr. Bing-Chen Wang
Email:
bc_wang@umanitoba.ca
Tel:
(204) 474-9305
Office:
E1-410
There will be one Teaching Assistants
(TA), who can also be consulted when you
have questions during the course study.

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What is Turbomachinery ?
turboorturbinisisLatininorigin
andimpliesthatwhichspinsorwhirls
around.
Aturbomachineisarotating(asopposed
toreciprocating)devicethatextracts
energyfromoraddsenergytofluids.
Therearetwomaincategoriesof
turbomachines,i.e.
thoseabsorbspower(e.g.,pumps,fans,
compressors),and
thosegeneratespower(e.g.hydraulic,
steam,andgasturbines)
Aturbomachinechangestheenthalpyof
theworkingfluids.

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Review: Why enthalpy?

FirstLawofThermodynamicsforanopensystem(basedon
controlvolumeanalysis)
1 2 2

Q W
m
( h 2 h1 ) (c 2 c1 ) g( z 2 z1 )
2

Therefore,

m
( h1 h 2 )
W

Whatisenthalpy?

h u pv

u:internalenergy
pv:flowwork
Important:
Alltheseparameters(h,u,p,v)arepropertiesofasubstance.
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Example 1a (system): Steam Power

Plant

Siemens Steam Plants (SSP)

Reference:
http://www.powergeneration.siemens.com/products-solutions-services/power-plant-soln/steam-turbinepower-plants/

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Example 1b (system): Steam Turbine

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Example 2a: Tidal Stream

Turbine
Tidal power is the
only form of energy which
derives directly from the relative motions of
the Earth-Moon system. Tidal power is
practically inexhaustible and classified as a
renewable energy source. Tidal energy is
periodical and predictable. In contrast, wind
and solar energies cannot be well-predicted.

SeaGenistheworld'sfirstlargescalecommercialtidalstreamgenerator.Itisfour
timesmorepowerfulthananyothertidalstreamgeneratorintheworld.
Reference:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SeaGen

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Example 2b: Tidal Stream Turbine

Clickthefollowingweblink:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tSBACzRE3Gw&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=994CD8692F04FA15

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Example 3: Turbo Engines

Clickthefollowingweblink:
http://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=17E887C02E1576E6
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y0uQzLC851c&feature=PlayList&p=17E887C02E1576E6&index=3

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Classification of Turbomachines
Accordingtothefunction:
Pumps/compressors
Absorbingpower
Turbines
Generatingpower

Accordingtotheflowdirection:

Axialflowturbomachine
Flowpathparalleltoaxisofrotation
Radialflowturbomachine
Flowpathperpendiculartoaxisofrotation
Mixedflowturbomachine
Bothradialandaxialflowcomponents

Accordingtothepressurechangeinarotor:

Impulse(zeroreaction)turbomachine
Pressurechangesacrossthenozzle/diffuser;
Pressuredoesnotchangeacrosstherotor(orblades).
Reaction(zeroimpulse)turbomachine
Pressurechangesacrossboththenozzle/diffuserandtherotor.

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Example 4a: Centrifugal Compressor

Jetengine
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Example 4b: Centrifugal Turbines

TurbineandnozzlesShaftandturbine

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Example 4c: Centrifugal

Turbomachine

Nozzlesandturbineblades

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Example 5a: Axial Compressor

4stagecompressor

Abladewheel(singlestage)

Jetengine

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Example 5b: Axial Turbine

Axialgasturbine(rotor)

WindturbineTidalturbine

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Example 5c: Axial Compressor

Rotor
(Totransfermechanicalenergytokineticenergy
ofgas;topartiallyincreasethepressure.)
Stator
(Toincreasethepressure;
totransferkineticenergyto
potential/pressureenergy.)

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1stage

=1ringofstatorblades
+1ringofstatorblades

Example 6: Impulse Turbines

Simplestexample
Peltonhydraulicturbines

Nopressurechangesacrosstheblades

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Course Outline and Instructor

Information
Instructor Information
Teaching Methods: Lectures, Labs &
Tutorials
Policies on Academic Integrity
Textbook
Requirement and Evaluation
Method to Achieve Success
Syllabus
For detailed explanation, please see the first course
handout (Instructor information & Course syllabus).

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