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Pteridophyta

Wulan Anggraeni
(120210153048)
Tri Karuniningtyas
(120210153063)

General Characteristic of Pteridophyta


Pteridophyta is include multicelluler and
eucariotic organisms
Has
true
root,
leaf,
and
stem
(kormophyta/cormus)
Seed less / have no seed
Sporophyte phase more dominant
Has vascular bundle
Having a vascular bundle (xylem and
phloem)
Sexual reproduction in the form of spores
Have a cell protective layer contained
around in the reproductive organs
Have a multicellular embryo contained in
archegonium

Sporangium

Sorus

Root structure
Its roots shaped fibers and
in the end there is kaliptra
(root cap).
Ferns
root
tissue
is
composed of epidermal
tissue, cortex and central
cylinder

Stem structure
Ferns stem tissue composed of
epidermis,
cortex
and
central
cylinder. At the center of the
cylinder there is a network carrier
(vascullar bundle), so the ferns
already have a transport vessel
(tracheophyta).

Leaf structure
The leaves of
ferns are also
composed of
epidermal tissues,
mesophyll, and
transport vessels
(vascular bundle)

Type Leaf based on


size
Mikrofil leaves, ie leaves ang small
size. Mikrofil shaped hair or scales,
not stemmed, and invertebrates
except the wire nails and horsetail.
Makrofil leaves, which leaves a large
size. makrofil been stemmed, leaves
boned, and have the meat leaves
(mesophyll) contained stomata, pole
network, and sponges.

Leaf based on
function
Tropofil leaf, ie leaf that does not produce
spores, but has a green substance
(chlorophyll), thereby functioning in the
process of photosynthesis or produce
nutrients (glucose). The leaves are often
referred to as a sterile leaves.
Sporofil leaves, ie leaves that produce
spores as a means of reproduction
(reproduction), so it is also called leaf
leaves fertile (fertile).

Sporofil
Tropofil

Spora

Sporofil
Sporofil on ferns exist in the form of
strands and some are forming Strobilus.
Strobilus is a collection of some sporofil
that resembles the shape of a cone.
At the bottom there sporofil sorus, a
collection of small spheres brown box
containing many spores (sporangium). At
sporangium contained cells resembling
cover ring called the annulus.

Sorus is saving by membrane


structure that called indusium

Kinds of Pterydophyta based on


spores kinds that has resulted
a. Homospora spikes (Isospora)

Homospora ferns produce spores of the same size


that can not distinguish between male and female
spores

Example: Lycopodium sp. (nail wire)

b. Heterospora spikes (an-Isospora)

Heterospora ferns produce spores of different sizes.


Small spores called microspores male and female
spores are called makrospora

Example: Selaginella sp. (Nail rane), Marsilea


crenata (clover)

Lycopsida

Spenopsida

Classificati
on of
Pterydoph
yte

Psilopsida

Pteridopsida

LYCOPSIDA

General Characteristics of
Lycopsida

Lycopsida (Paku
kawat / paku rambat)
Example :
> Lycopodium sp.(paku kawat),
as ornamental plant.
> Lycopodium clavatum, as
drugs materials.

Lycopodium obscurum Classification


Kingdom
Subkingdom

: Plantae
: Viridaeplantae

Infrakingdom

: Streptophyta

Division
: Tracheophyta
Subdivision : Pteridophytina
Class
Subclass
Order
Family

: Lycopodiopsida
:Lycopodiidae
: Lycopodiales
: Lycopodiaceae

Genus
Species
obscurum

:
:

Lycopodium
Lycopodium

Source : ITIS, 2014

Family Lycopodiaceae

>> characteristic :
1.Leave without ligules
2.Sporophylls and foliage may be

similar or dissimilar in shape.


>> Example: Licopodium

Strobilus and Formed of Spora

Lycopodium place of spore

Life cycle of
Lycopodium

Lycopodium clubmoss

Lycopodium squarossum

Lycopodium phlegmaria

Order
Selaginellales
>> Charactheristic :
1.Each foliage leaf with a ligule
at the base on adaxial sida
2.Sporophytes is heterosporous

Selaginella sp.

Family Selaginellaceae
>> charactheristic :
1.Stem herbaceous and dorsiventral or
erect
2.Gametophytes extremely reduce
3.In Selaginella, types of spores are
produced there are 2 kinds, namely
microspore and megaspore.
4.The microspores will develop into
male gametophyte, being megaspore
will develop into female gametophyte.
>> Example: Selaginella sp.

Classification Of
Selaginella laxifolia
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom : Viridaeplantae
Infrakingdom: Streptophyta
Division : Tracheophyta
Subdivision : Pteridophytina
Class : Lycopodiopsida
Subclass : Lycopodiidae
Order : Selaginellales
Family : Selaginellaceae
Genus : Selaginella
Species : Selaginella laxifolia

Source : ITIS, 2014

mospora and heterospora Pteridoph


Selaginella strobilus
strobillus
Lycophyta

microspores

sporophylls
megaspores

Selaginella Morphology
Structure

Arrangement of
leaf

Adaxial surface of
leaf
And
Ligule of Selaginella

Megasporophyll and
Microsporophyll

Megaspore and
microspore

Megasporangium of
Selaginella

Microsporangium of
Selaginella

Selaginella pallescens

Selaginella helvetica

Selaginella braunii

Selaginella kraussiana

Selaginella flabellata

Order Isoetales
1. Herbaceous sporophytes with a
massive rhizomorph at the bae of
the stem
2. Leaves microphyllous and ligulate
3. Sporophytes is heterosporous
4. Sporophylls may or may not be
grouped in strobili
5. Antherozoids multiflagellate
Family Isoetaceae

Family Isoetaceae
Family Isoetaceae
1.Stem corm-like
2.Sporophylls bearing sporangia on adaxial
face, not grouped in strobili
>> Example : Isoetes georgiana

Classification Of Isoetes georgiana


Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom : Viridaeplantae
Infrakingdom: Streptophyta
Division : Tracheophyta
Subdivision : Pteridophytina
Class : Lycopodiopsida
Subclass : Lycopodiidae
Order :Isoetales
Family : Isoetaceae
Genus : Isoetes
Species : Isoetes georgiana

Source : ITIS, 2014

Life cycle of
Isoetes

PSILOPSIDA

General Characteristics of
Pilopsida
>> Characteristic ::
1. The leaves is mikrofil size (enation).
2. The branching stem is Dichotomous, and have
function in photosynthesis.
3. Sporangia are borne in triads (synangium) on very
short stalks in axil of scaly appendages or foliage
leaves (bifid), mostly towards the tip of the aerial
branches.
4. The spores produced by a synangium with 3 lobus.
5. The spore form is homospore
6. The root is rhizome form, that can do symbiosis
with fungi ( Micoriza).
Example: Psilotum nudum

Mikrofil

Order Psilotales
>> General characteristic ::
1.Sporophyte dichotomously branched
2.Sporangia generally borne singly
3.Stele protostele to actinostele
4.Eusporangiate and homosporous
>> Characteristic of Family
Psilotaceae ::
5.Axis branched
6.Scale leaves small and minute
Example: Psilotum

Life
cycle of
Psilotum

SPENOPSIDA

General Characteristics
of Spenopsida
>> Penopsida or Ekor Kuda Fern
Characteristic ::
1. Living in sub-tropical regions, especially in
the swamp.
2. Spores produced by Strobilus.
3. Leaves microphullous, small, scaly and
arranged in whorls at the nodes
4. Stem branced, articulated, ridged and
furrowed with distinct nodes and
internodes
5. Having a rhizome with erect branches
6. In the trunk there are many air spaces
7. In the trunk there are books written by the
leaves that resemble scales

Equisetum palustre

Order
Equisetales
>> Characteristic :
1.Stem branched, branches
in transverse whorls
2.Internodes alternate with
one another
3.Vascular
cylinder
siphonostele, endarch

Family Equisetaceae
>> Characteristic :
1. No secondary growth
2. Monosporous
3. Sporangia borne on sporangiophores which form
a compact cone
4. Having a rhizome with erect branches
5. In the trunk there are many air spaces
6. In the trunk there are books written by the leaves
that resemble scales
7. Rod serves as a venue for photosynthesis
8. Outer epidermal stem cells containing grit
9. In the trunk there are three kinds of channels,
there are
- Center channel are in the middle of the stem,
but the stems are still young this channel has
not been found
- Karinal channel located on the inside of the
vascular bundles
- Valekular channel which is located in the outer

Equisetum palustre

Classification Of
Equisetum palustre
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom : Viridaeplantae
Infrakingdom: Streptophyta
Division : Tracheophyta
Subdivision : Pteridophytina
Class : Equisetopsida
Subclass : Equisetidae
Order : Equisetales
Family :Equisetaceae
Genus : Equisetum
Species : Equisetum palustre
Source : ITIS, 2014

Karinal and center


channel has
function to store
water , while
valekular channel
has function to
store the air

Equisetum
spore
Spores located in the sporangium
Sporangium located in Strobilus (set
sporofil)
Spores
have
walls
consisting
of
endosporangium and eksosporangium
Sporangium outermost layer consists of
two parallel bands (heptera) which binds
wet spores contained in the sporangium

Life cycle
of
Equisetu
m

Example of Equisetaceae

Equisetum arvense
Equisetum fluviatile
Equisetum sylvaticum

Equisetum fluviatile

Equisetum sylvaticum

Pteridopsida or True
fern

General Characteristics of
Pteridopsida True Fern (Paku
Sejati)
>> characteristic :
1. Vascular cylinder siphonostelic, with leaf
gaps
2. Leaves megaphyllous, compound with
rachis
3. Leaves bear sporangia in sori
4. Gametophytes small, green and free-living
5. Young leaves growing roll (circinatus)
>> Example: Pteris, Adiantum cuneatum,
Semanggi (Marsilea crenata).

Circinatus

PART OF TRUE
FERN

Eusporangiatae
1.Sporangium develops from a group
of initials (eusporangiate
development)
2.Sporangial jacket more than one
cell in thickness
3.Large number of spores within
sporangium
4.Sporangia borne in spike or sori
situated on the abaxial surface of
the leaf.

Order Ophioglossales
>> Characteristic ::
Sporangia borne on a special structure called spike. It projects
adaxially from a leaf and near the junction of blade and petiole.
>> Family Ophioglossaceae characteristics
Single family, the characters is same as the order
Example: Ophioglossum

Classification of
Ophioglossum azoricum
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom : Viridaeplantae
Infrakingdom: Streptophyta
Division : Tracheophyta
Subdivision : Pteridophytina
Class : Psilotopsida
Subclass : Ophioglossidae
Order : Ophioglossales
Family : Ophioglossaceae
Genus : Ophioglossum
Species : Ophioglossum azoricum

Source : ITIS, 2014

Order Marattiales
>> Characteristic Ordo :
1.Young leaves with circinate vernation
2.Leaves with fleshy stipules
>> Family Angiopteridaceae characteristic :
3.Sporangia almost free
4.Sporangia linear in two rows on both the
sides of veins
>> Example: Angiopteris

Leptosporangiat
ae
1.Sporangium develops from
a single initial cell
(leptosporangiatae
development)
2.Sporangial jacket one cell
in thickness
3.Definite number of spores

Order Filicales
>> Ordo characteristic :
the spora is Homosporous
>> Family Adiantaceae characteristic :
1.Sori apparently marginal but
superficial in origin
2.Indusial oblong or linear, usually
many and distinct
3.Leaflet margins bearing sori sharply
reflexed
>> Example: Adiantum

Adiantum sp.

Classification Of Adiantum
caudatum
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom : Viridaeplantae
Infrakingdom: Streptophyta
Division : Tracheophyta
Subdivision : Pteridophytina
Class : Polypodiopsida
Subclass : Polypodiidae
Order : Polypodiales
Family : Pteridaceae
Genus : Adiantum
Species : Adiantum caudatum

Source : ITIS, 2014

Family Polypodiaceae
1.Annulus vertical
2.Each sporangium with 32
to 64 spores
Example: Dryopteris,
lastraea,
Nephrolepis, Polypodium,
Pteridium

Order Marileales
1. Members heterosporous
2. Sporangia formed within
sporocarp
Family Marsileaceae
3. Members aquatic
4. Sorus of gradate type, each
producing both the types of
sporangia
5. Leaf circinately coile in bud
condition
Example: Marsilea

Order Salvaniales
1. Members heterosporous
2. Sporangia produced within
sporacarps
3. Sporacarps contains either a
single megasporangia
4. The wall of the sporocarp is a
modification of an idusium
Family Salviniaceae
5. Sporocarps globose or ovoid,
all of them of the same size
Example: Salvinia

Family Azollaceae
1.Sporocarps of two types,
one larger and malemicrosporocarp and the
other smaller and
female-megasporocarp.
Example: Azolla

Sorus dan Formed of Spora


Leaf pinna
(2N)

Indusium (2N)
Spora
(1N)

Sporangiu
m (2N)

Life
Cycle Of
True fern

Salvinia natans

Salvinia cucullata

Azolla caroliniata

Azolla pinnata

Salvinia Minima

Salvinia
molesta

The Benefits of Fern Plant


1.Usually used for ornamental plants.
2.Some there are who can eat.
3. On Azolla pinnata, capable of symbiosis with
cyanobacteria, so can be used as nitrogenous fertilizer .

thanks for your


attention

Wassalamualaikum
wr.wb.

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