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THE

LAW OF
MOTIO
N
By : Ellys
Sufia F
Humamah

Concept of
Force

NET FORCE
NET FORCE ACTING ON AN
OBJECT IS DEFINED AS THE
VECTOR SUM OF ALL FORCES
ACTING ON THE OBJECT.
IF THE NET FORCE EXERTED ON
AN OBJECT IS ZERO, THE
ACCELERATION OF THE OBJECT
IS ZERO AND ITS VELOCITY
REMAINS CONSTANT.
WHEN THE VELOCITY OF AN
OBJECT IS CONSTANT
(INCLUDING WHEN THE OBJECT
IS AT REST), THE
OBJECT IS SAID TO BE IN
EQUILIBRIUM.

Measuring the
Strength of a Force

Newtons First Law and


Inertial Frames

If an object does not


interact with other objects,
it is possible to identify a
reference
frame in which the object
has zero acceleration.

An inertial frame of reference is one we


can identify in which an object that
does not
interact with other objects
experiences zero acceleration. Any
frame moving with constant
velocity relative to an inertial frame
is also an inertial frame. Newtons
first law
states that it is possible to find such
a frame, or, equivalently, in the
absence of an external
force, when viewed from an inertial
frame, an object at rest remains at

5.1 (d). Choice (a) is


true. Newtons first law
tells us that motion
requires no force: an
object in motion
continues to move at
constant velocity in the
absence of external
forces. Choice (b) is also
true. A stationary object
can
have several forces
acting on it, but if the
vector sum of all these
external forces is zero,
there is no net force and

MAS
Mass
is that property
S
of an object that
specifies how much
resistance an object
exhibits to changes
in its velocity
the SI unit of mass is
kilogram (kg)

m1
m2

=a 2

a1

mass is a scalar
quantity
example : 3kg +
5kg = 8kg

Mass and weight are


two different
quantities
example :
1. a person who
weighs 180 lb on the
Earth weighs
only
about 30 lb on the
Moon

Newtons
second
law

Newtons second law states that the


acceleration of an object is directly
proportional
to the net force acting on it and inversely
proportional to its mass. The net force
acting on an object equals the product of its
mass and its acceleration:
F ma
If the
object is either stationary or moving with
constant velocity, then the object is in
equilibrium
and the force vectors must cancel each other.

ANSWERS

5.2 (a). If a single force acts, this force


constitutes the net
force and there is an acceleration according to
Newtons
second law.
5.3 (c). Newtons second law relates only
the force and the
acceleration. Direction of motion is part of an
objects velocity,
and force determines the direction of
acceleration,
not that of veis constant, and the speed of the
object (starting
from rest) is given by v " at. With twice the
acceleration,
the object will arrive at speed v at half the

THE
GRAVITATIO
NAL FORCE
AND WEIGHT

The attractive force


exerted by the Earth
on an object is called
the gravitational
force
The gravitational
force exerted on an
object is equal to the
product
mgmass
ofF its
(a
scalar quantity) and
the free-fall
acceleration:

ANSWER
5.5 (a). The
gravitational force acts
on the ball at all points
in its trajectory.
5.6 (b). Because the
value of g is smaller on
the Moon than on the
Earth, more mass of
gold would be required
to represent 1 newton
of weight on the Moon.
Thus, your friend on the
Moon is richer

Newtons
third law

Newtons third law


states that if two
objects interact,
the force exerted
by object 1
on object 2 is
equal in
magnitude and
opposite in
direction to the
force exerted by
object
2 on object 1.
Thus, an isolated

Some Applications of
Newtons Laws
Objects in Equilibrium

Fy T Fg 0
or

T=0

Objects Experiencing a
Net Force

A crate being pulled to


the right on a
frictionless surface.
The free-body diagram
representing the

Forces of
Friction

Experimentally, we find that, to a good approximation, both


fs,max and fk are proportional to the magnitude of the
normal force. The following empirical laws of friction
summarize the experimental observations:
The magnitude of the force of static friction between any
two surfaces in contact can have the values

where the dimensionless constant -s is called the coefficient


of static friction and n is the magnitude of the normal force
exerted by one surface on the other. The equality in
Equation 5.8 holds when the surfaces are on the verge of
slipping, that is, when
This situation is called impending motion. The inequality
holds when the surfaces are not on the verge of slipping.
The magnitude of the force of kinetic friction acting
between two surfaces is
where
is the coefficient of kinetic friction. Although the
coefficient of kinetic
friction can vary with speed, we shall usually neglect any

THANK
YOU

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