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BEAM DEFLECTION
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this lecture, student should be
able to;
supported beam
Determine the slope and deflection in every
loaded situation as below:
a.Simply support, with concentrated load at
center of the beam.
b.Simply support, with uniform distributed load.
2
Beam Deflection
Beam deflection is defined as the distance
ymax
Neutral
axis
origin
Neutral axis
after load
applied
F = Load
y=
Deflection
General Formula
M = EI d2y
dx2
Moment Equation
Where;
M = Moment (Nm)
I = Second moment of area @ moment inertia (m 4)
E = Young Modulus (Pa)
* EI also known as flexural rigidity
4
F (N)
x=L
dy/dx = max
y=0
x=0
dy/dx = max
y=0
A
B
x = L/2
dy/dx = 0
y = max
RA = F/2
RB = F/2
Consider this simply supported beam AB, with length L and carry the concentrated
load at center. Take A as the reference point and by balancing the moment and
force we get;
RA = RB = F/2
On the x-x section (distance x is based on point A), it is known that the moment at this section is;
M xx = Fx / 2
General Formula
a) EI d2y = M
dx2
Solution
Substitute M = Fx / 2 into eq. (a)
(Moment Eq.)
EI d2y = Fx / 2
dx2
(Deflection Eq.)
Boundary Conditions
a) To find the variables A and B
EI dy = Fx2 + A .. (Slope Eq.)
dx
4
When;
x = L/2 ,
dy/dx = 0
EIy = Fx3 + Ax + B
12
(Deflection Eq.)
Substitute A = - FL2
16
EIy = Fx3 FL2x + B
12
16
When;
Thus;
x = 0,
y=0
i)
EI dy = Fx2 - FL2
dx
4
16
. (Slope Eq.)
ii)
10
EI dy = Fx2 - FL2
dx
4
16
When;
x = 0,
x=L
EI dy = F(0)2 - FL2
dx
4
16
dy = - FL2
dx
16EI
16
EIy = - FL3
48
y = - FL3
48EI
12
x=L
dy/dx = max
y=0
w (N/m)
B
x = L/2
dy/dx = 0
y = max
RA = FL/2
RB = FL/2
Consider this simply supported beam AB, with length L and carry the uniformly
distributed load along the beam. Take A as the reference point and by balancing the
moment and force we get;
RA = RB = FL/2
On the x-x section (distance x is based on point A), it is known that the moment at this section is;
M xx = wLx / 2 Wx2/2
13
General Formula
a) EI d2y = M
dx2
(Moment Eq.)
Solution
Substitute M = wLx wx2 into eq.
(a)
2
2
EI d2y = wLx wx2
dx2
2
2
Integrate once we get;
c) EIy = Mdx + Ax + B
(Deflection Eq.)
EI dy = wLx2 - wx3 + A
dx
4
6
Integrate once again we get;
EIy = wLx3 wx4 + Ax + B
12
24
14
Boundary Conditions
a) To find the variables A and B
EI dy = wLx2 - wx3 + A .. (Slope Eq.)
dx
4
6
When;
x = L/2 ,
dy/dx = 0
(Deflection Eq.)
Substitute A = - wL3
24
EIy = wLx3 wx4 wL3x + B
12
24
24
When;
Thus;
x = 0,
y=0
i)
ii)
. (Slope Eq.)
24
17
24
24
dy = - wL3
dx
24EI
When x = L
dx
dy = + wL3
dx
24EI
18
24
EIy = - 5wL4
384
y = - 5wL4
384EI
Exercise
1. A simply supported beam is 4m long and has a load of 200KN at the middle. The
flexural stiffness is 300MPa. Calculate the slope at the ends and the deflection at the
middle.
(Answer: 6.67 x 10-4 , 0.89 mm)
2. A simply supported beam is 8m long with a load of 500KN at the middle. The
deflection at the middle is 2 mm downwards. Calculate the slope at the ends.
(Answer : 750 x 10-6)
3. A simply supported beam is 4m long with a UDL of 4KN/m. The dimension of the
beam is 300mm x 100mm. Calculate the maximum slope and deflection. Given E =
200 GPa.
(Answer: 2.13 x 10-3 , 2.7 x 10-3m)
4. A simply supported beam is 5m long with UDL of 200 N/m. The flexural stiffness
is 100MPa. Calculate the slope at the ends and the deflection at middle.
(Answer: 1.04 x 10-5, 1.63 x 10-5 m
20