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CHAPTER 5 (b)

BEAM DEFLECTION

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this lecture, student should be able

to;
State the boundary condition for cantilever beam
Determine the slope and deflection in every loaded
situation as below:
a.Cantilever beam, with concentrated load at the
end.
b.Cantilever beam, with a uniformly distributed load.
c.Cantilever beam, with concentrated load at any
point.

Case 3: Cantilever beam, with a point load at


end
(Boundary conditions included)
x=L
dy/dx = 0
y=0

F (N)
X=0

x=0
dy/dx = max
y = max

A
x

On the x-x section (distance x is based on point A), it is known


that the moment at this section is;
M xx = -Fx
3

General Formula

Solution
Substitute M = -Fx into eq. (a)

a) EI d2y = M
dx2

(Moment Eq.)

b) EI dy = Mdx + A

EI d2y = -Fx
dx2
(Slope Eq.)

dx

Integrate once we get;


EI dy = -Fx2 + A
dx
2

c) EIy = Mdx + Ax + B
(Deflection Eq.)

Integrate once again we get;


EIy = -Fx3 + Ax + B
6
4

Boundary Conditions
a) To find the variables A and B
EI dy = -Fx2 + A
dx
2
When;

x=L,

.. (Slope Eq.)

dy/dx = 0

Thus; EI (0) = -F(L)2 + A


2
A = FL2
2
5

EIy = -Fx3 + Ax + B (Deflection Eq.)


6
Substitute A = FL2
2
EIy = -Fx3 + FL2x + B
6
2
When;
Thus;

x = L,

y=0

EI (0) = -F(L)3 + FL2(L) + B


6
2
B = -FL3
3EI
6

Therefore, the COMPLETE slope and


deflection equations are;
i)

EI dy = -Fx2 + FL2
dx

. (Slope Eq.)

ii)
EIy = -Fx3 + FL2x - FL3
(Deflection Eq.)
6
2
3
7

b) To find the Maximum slope and deflection


i) Maximum Slope
EI dy = -Fx2 + FL2
dx
2
2
When;

x = 0,
EI dy = -F(0)2 + FL2
dx
2
2
dy = - FL2
dx
2EI
8

ii) Maximum deflection


EIy = -Fx3 + FL2x - FL3
6
2
3
When;

x=0
EIy = -F(0)3 + FL2 (0) FL3
6
2
3
EIy = - FL3
3
y = - FL3
3EI
9

Case 4: Cantilever beam, with a point load at


end
(Boundary conditions included)
X=0

x=0
dy/dx = max
y = max

w (N/m)

x=L
dy/dx = 0
y=0

A
x

On the x-x section (distance x is based on point A), it is


known that the moment at this section is;
M xx = -Fx2
2
10

Solution
Substitute M = -Fx2 /2

a) Find the variable A and B


When , x = L, dy/dx = 0

EI d2y = -Fx2
dx2
2

EI dy = -Fx3 + A
dx
6

Integrate once we get;

EI(0) = -F(L3) + A
6

EI dy = -Fx3 + A
dx
6
Integrate once again we get;

A = FL3
6

EIy = -Fx4 + Ax + B
24
11

When ,

x = L,

y=0

EIy = -Fx4 + FL3x + B


24
6
EI(0) = -F(L)4 + FL3(L) + B
24
6
B = -FL4
8

Therefore the complete


slope and deflection
equation are;
i) Slope

EI dy = -Fx3 + FL3
dx

ii) Deflection
EIy = -Fx4 + FL3x FL4
24
6
8
12

b) To find the Maximum slope and deflection


i) Maximum Slope

EI dy = -Fx3 + FL3
dx
6
6
When;

x = 0,
EI dy = -F(0)3 + FL3
dx
6
6
dy = FL3
dx 6EI
13

ii) Maximum deflection


EIy = -Fx4 + FL3x FL4
24
6
8
When;

x=0
EIy = -F(0)4 + FL3(0) FL4
24
6
8

y = - FL4
8EI
14

Case 5: Cantilever beam, with a point load


NOT at the end
b

F (N)

y max
L

i) Max slope;

dy = Fa2
dx 2EI

ii) Max deflection; y = Fa2 (3L-a)


6EI
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Exercise
1. A cantilever beam is 6m long and has a point load of 20 KN at
the free end. The flexural stiffness is 110MNm2. Calculate the
slope and deflection at the free end.
(Answer: 3.27 x 10-3, 13mm)
2. A cantilever beam is 5m long and has a point load of 50KN at
the free end. The deflection at the free end is 3mm
downwards. The modulus of elasticity is 205GPa. The beam
has a solid rectangular section with a depth 3 times the width.
(D=3B). Determine;
i) the flexural stiffness, EI. (Answer: 694.4MNm2)
ii)the dimension of the section. (Answer:D=591mm, B=197mm)

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3. A cantilever beam is 6m long with a UDL of 1 KN/m. the


flexural stiffness is 100MNm2. Calculate the slope and
deflection at the free end.
(Answer: 360 x 10-6, 1.62mm)
4. A cantilever beam is 5m long and carries a UDL of
8KN/m. The modulus of elasticity is 205GPa and beam is
a solid circular section. Calcuate;
i) The flexural stiffness which limits the deflection to 3mm
at the free end. (Answer: 208.3MNm2)
ii)
The diameter of the beam. (Answer: 379mm)
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5. Based on the diagram below, calculate the maximum


slope and deflection. The flexural stiffness is 300MNm2.
(Answer: )

15KN
3m

1m

4m

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