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SYLLABUS
Genesis of soils; Classification and distribution
SOIL
Soil is a dynamic natural body on the
Genesis of soils
Weathering
Translocation
Podzolisation
Gleying
Desilication
Humidification
Horizonisation
Weathering
Physical weathering
Chemical weathering
Biological weathering
Physical weathering
Change in temperature
Action of water
Action of wind
Chemical weathering
Hydrolysis
Carbonation
Hydration
Oxidation
Reduction
Biological weathering
Man and animals
Higher plants and their roots
Micro organism
Translocation
Leaching
Eluviation
Illuviation
Calcification
Salinisation
Alkalisation
Podzolisation or
cheluviation
Gleying
Desilication
Humidification
Soil profile
The vertical section of the soil showing the
Soil profile
Water erosion
Splash erosion
Sheet erosion
Rill erosion
Gully erosion
Soil degradation
Soil degradationis the decline
Cause
Deforestation
Over grazing
Use of agrochemicals
IMPACTS
Loss of arable land
Pollution
Flooding
Loss of organic matter
Decline in soil fertility
Decline in structural condition
Erosion
Adverse changes in salinity, acidity or
alkalinity
Effects of toxic chemicals.
CONSERVATION MEASURE
Mechanical
Biological
Agronomical
Mechanical measures
Contour bunding
Bench terracing
Contour stone wall
Basin listing
Pan breaking
Biological measure
Afforestration
Reforestration
Vermicompost
Agronomical measure
Proper land use
Contour farming
Strip cropping
Crop rotation
Mixed cropping
Cover crops
Tillage
Mulching
Organic manure
Wind brrakers
Zonal soils
Podzols
Tundra soils
Brown soils
Cherozem /prraire soils
Sierozems soils
Grumusols
Ferralsols/latosols
Intrazonal soils
Hydromorphic
Calcimorphic
Halomorphic
Azonal soils
Regosols
Lithosols
USDA CLASSIFICATION
Entisols
Vertisols
Inceptisols
Aridisols
Mollisols
Spodosols
Alfisols
Ultisols
Oxisols
Histosols