110

WEC
ENGINEERING MATERIALS
(Ch.E-101)
Credit Hours
Theory + Practical
(3)
(0)

Introduction to Engineering Materials

Because without materials, there is no

engineering.
Scope:
Provide

an

introduction

to

the

science

and

engineering of materials e.g., metals, ceramics,

polymers, composites and semiconductors

ENGINEERING MATERIALS (Ch.E-101)

Course Outline
Introduction to the concepts of stress & strain applied to
Chemical Engineering Design.
Mechanical & Thermal Properties & the applications of the
following materials of construction;
Iron & Steel;
Nickel;
Hastelloy;
Copper Alloys;
Aluminum & Its Alloys;

ENGINEERING MATERIALS (Ch.E-101)

Course Outline

Lead;

Titanium & Tantalum;

Phase Equilibrium Diagrams of Stainless Steel;

Polymeric Materials;

Composite materials;

Glass;

Stoneware;

Acid-resistant bricks & tiles.

Special materials of construction.
Introduction to Corrosion & its types.

Recommended Books
Engineering Materials Properties & Selection (8 th ed.) by
kenneth G. Budinski, Michael K. Budiniski
William F. Smith. Principles of Materials Science &
Engineering McGraw Hill.
Properties of engineering materials by R.A. Higgins

Objective
To understand
&
to have basic concept of Engineering
Materials
&
various types of engineering materials

The Structure of Materials (Origin)

Fuels,
chemic
als,oils,
paints,
foods

CO2,
CO

polyme
rs,
soils,
natural
resins

Acids,
water,
bases,
chemic
als.

Chlorin
e,
argon,
helium
Metals,
ceramics,
composit
es,
glasses

ENGINEERING MATERIALSAN INTRODUCTION

Materials can be defined as anything which
satisfies the human needs
or
Materials are substances of which some thing is
composed or made of.
Since civilization materials are in use by people

to improve their standard of living.

Materials are everywhere about us in the shapes

of products.

ENGINEERING MATERIALSAN INTRODUCTION

Commonly encountered materials are wood
(timber), concrete, bricks, steel. plastic, glass,
rubber, aluminum, copper and paper etc.
If we look around we can easily realise that there
are many more kinds of materials. These new
types

of

materials

are

being

frequently

developed as a result of constant research and

development.

The world of materials

Metals,
alloys

Ceramics,
glasses

Polymers,
elastomers

Hybrids,
composites

The world of materials

Metals,
alloys

Ceramics,
glasses

Polymers,
elastomers

Hybrids,
composites

Engineering materials
The term engineering materials is
specifically used to refer materials to
produce technical products.
Materials engineering is based largely on
the pure sciences of chemistry and
physics.
All materials obey the laws of physics and
chemistry in their formation, reactions and
combinations.

Engineering materials
Engineers design
products and
their processing systems

for the production of these products.

Products require materials
Engineers should have the knowledge of engineering
materials
i.e. an engineer should be knowledgeable about
the structure and
properties of the materials

so that he is able to select the most suitable ones for

each application and he is able to develop best
processing methods.

Classification of Engineering materials

Most of the Engineering materials can be
classified into main following categories :
1.

Metallic materials

2.

Polymeric materials

3.

Ceramic materials

4.

Composite materials

5.

Electronic materials

6.

Advance materials

Structure of materials
The physical structure of solid materials depends on the
arrangement of the atoms, ions or molecules and the
bonding forces between them.
Crystalline materials have regular geometrical shape in which
atoms have characteristic regular and repetitive three
dimensional arrangement
Examples of crystalline materials are metals, alloys and some
ceramic materials.
Amorphous materials in which atoms do not have
characteristic regular and repetitive three dimensional
arrangement e.g glasses & plastics

Metallic materials
These are inorganic substances which are
composed of one or more metallic elements.
Examples of metallic elements are Iron,
Copper, Aluminum. Non-metallic elements
such as Carbon, Nitrogen and Oxygen may
also be contained in the metallic materials.

Metallic materials
Metals have
crystalline structure, when solid
good thermal and electrical conductivity,

good strength and ductility

can be plastically deformed on the
application of load without fracturing
opaque, reflective, shiny if polished

Metallic materials
Metallic materials are further classified into
ferrous, and non-ferrous materials.
Ferrous materials contain large percentage
of iron such as steels and cast irons and
Non-ferrous materials that do not contain
iron or only relatively small amount of iron.
Example of non-ferrous metals are Al, Cu,
Zn, Ti, & Ni.

Metals

Several uses of steel and pressed

aluminum.

Polymeric materials
The word polymer is actually taken from two
Greek words, Poly = many and mer =
repeating units or parts.
Polymeric materials are usually long organic
molecular chains i. e., compounds of C & H.
So the polymeric materials are organic
compounds having many repeated units,
e.g., Teflon, Nylon 6,6, Polythene etc.

Polymeric materials
Polymers/plastics: Covalent bonding sharing
of es
Soft, ductile,
low strength,
low density
thermal & electrical insulators
Optically transparent.

Polymers

Polymers include Plastics and rubber materials

Ceramic materials
The word ceramics actually is taken from the
Greek word
Keramos = burnt stuff /
Clay.
Ceramics are inorganic materials consisting
of metallic & non-metallic elements
chemically bonded together unlike metallic
materials.
They may be crystalline, non-crystalline or
mixtures, e.g., refractories.

Ceramic materials
Ceramics: ionic bonding (refractory)
compounds of metallic & non-metallic
elements (oxides, carbides, nitrides,
sulfides)
Hard, Brittle,
non-conducting (insulators)

Ceramics

Examples of ceramic materials ranging from household to high performance

combustion engines which utilize both metals and ceramics.

Composite materials
Composite materials are mixtures of
two or more materials to produce
properties that are not produced in a
single material, e.g., Fiber glass,
concrete, plywood etc.

Composite materials
The useful properties which can be
produced in such materials are:
strength,
stiffness,
hardness,
temperature
resistance,
conductivity etc.

resistance,

corrosion

Composites

Polymer composite materials: reinforcing glass

fibers in a polymer matrix.

Electronic materials
Electronic materials are used in electronics,
especially microelectronics, e.g., Silicon,
Germanium & Gallium Arsenide etc.
In Semiconductors the bonding is covalent
(electrons are shared between atoms).
Their electrical properties depend strongly on
minute proportions of contaminants (e.g. Si,
Ge, GaAs)

Semiconductors
Micro-Electrical-Mechanical
Systems (MEMS)

Si wafer for computer chip

devices.

Classification, cont.
Metals
Steel, Cast Iron,
Aluminum, Copper,
Titanium, many
others
Ceramics
Glass, Concrete,
Brick, Alumina,
Zirconia, SiN, SiC

Polymers

Plastics, Wood,
Cotton (rayon,
nylon), glue
Composites

Glass Fiberreinforced polymers,

Carbon Fiberreinforced polymers,
Metal Matrix
Composites, etc.

Types of Materials- summary

The Materials Selection Process

1. Pick Application

Determine required Properties

Properties: mechanical, electrical, thermal,

magnetic, optical.

2. Properties

Identify candidate Material(s)

Material: structure, composition.

3. Material

Identify required Processing

Processing: changes structure and overall shape

ex: casting, sintering, vapor deposition, doping
forming, joining, annealing.

Thanks

 Thermal properties are related to

transmission of heat and heat
capacity.
Mechanical properties response
to mechanical forces, strength, etc.