SABAH STATE WATER

DEPARTMENT
CENTRAL WATER LABORATORY AND
QUALITY CONTROL
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING PRESENTATION
(1st of July 2014-19th of September 2014)
NAME

SHANADAH MARUTIN

PROGRAMME

INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY

INSTITUTE

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH

INTRODUCTION

Central Water Laboratory and

Quality Control of Sabah State
Water Department which located
in Putatan, Sabah was founded in
1991.
It is a centre for analysing the
quality of water supply which
distributed
from
the
water
treatment
plants
to
the
consumers from all around Sabah.

FUNCTION:
Carry out chemical and bacterial test and
ensure it meets the national standards
(MAL/WHO).

Manage the chemicals obtained which will

be used for raw water treatment process.

Ensure the quality of chemicals used in

each water treatment plant meet certain
specification for the safety of the public.

WORK
EXPERIENCE

1.Taking and receiving water

samples
from
all
around
Sabah.
2.Testing 19 parameters
water quality analysis.
3.Visiting
plants.

water

for

treatment

WATER
SAMPLING

Water samples are usually taken

from several sources from each area
in Sabah. This includes :
Intake (River/Dam)
Treatment Plant Outlet (TPO)
Service Reservoir Outlet (SRO)
Main pipeline
Consumers tap

Water Sampling Box

Sample Bottles

Water sampling
apparatus

TAKING WATER SAMPLES

(BACTERIAL ANALYSIS)

Let water flow for 1

minute

Apply ethanol

Heat

Water laboratory

WATER
ALITY ANALYSIS

There are total of 19 parameters that

need to be analyzed:
Physical

Drinking water quality standards and frequency of

monitoring

Water samples that need to be tested

This instrument
is used for the
following tests:
-Aluminium
-Ammonia
-Chlorine
-Manganese
-Iron
-Nitrate
-Sulphate
-Fluoride
UV-VIS Spectrophotometer

Aluminium test

Water sample
+
ECR reagent powder pillows
+
hexamethylenetetramine
+
1 drop ECR masking reagent
solution

Test water sample with

UV-VIS
spectrophotometer

Ammonia test

Water sample
+
Ammonia cyanurate reagent
powder pillow
+
Ammonia salicylate reagent
powder pillow

Test water sample with

UV-VIS
spectrophotometer

Chlorine test

Water sample
+
DPD free chlorine reagent
powder pillow

Test water sample with

UV-VIS
spectrophotometer

Manganese
test

Water sample
+
12 drops Alkaline cyanide reagent
+
Ascorbic acid powder pillows
+
12 drops PAN indicator solution

Test water sample with

UV-VIS
spectrophotometer

Iron test

Water sample
+
FerroVer iron reagent powder
pillow

Test water sample with

UV-VIS
spectrophotometer

Nitrate test

Water sample
+
NitroVer 6 Nitrate reagent powder
pillow +
NitriVer 3 Nitrite reagent powder
pillow

Test water sample with

UV-VIS
spectrophotometer

Sulphate test

Water sample
+
SulfaVer 4 Sulphate reagent
powder pillow

Test water sample with

UV-VIS
spectrophotometer

Fluoride test

Water sample
+
SPADN 2 reagent powder pillow

Titration method is used

to determine the following
tests:
-Chloride
-Total hardness
-Alkalinity

Chloride test

Water sample
+
Potassium chromate

Titrated with silver

nitrate

Total hardness
test

Water sample
+
2 drops Solochrome black
+
Ammonia buffer solution

Titrated with EDTA

solution

Alkalinity test

Water sample
+
Sodium thiosulphate (treated
water)
+
Methyl orange

Titrated with sulphuric

acid solution

These
instruments
are used for
the following
tests:
-Electric
conductivity
-Total
dissolved
solids
-Dissolved
oxygen
Conductivity
meter

Stirrer

Turbidity meter used for

turbidity test

Instrument used for

Hazen test

Instrument used for COD

test

COD test

Instrument used to
test pH level

pH test

Incubator to store
bacteria samples

Bacterial test

WATER
EATMENT PLANT

WATER TREATMENT
PROCESS

Sketched diagram of water treatment

Pre-treatment
process:
-Pumping
-screening
-pre-chlorination

Pumpin
g

-near

the river in
order to pump in
the raw water.
-pumping ability of
the
water
pump
depends
on
its
pumping capacity,
which how much
millionlitre per day
(mL/d) of water it is
able to pump in
every hour.

Screenin
g

-water
will
flow
through a screen to
separate
large
objects .
-Coarse
screen
made
from
iron
mesh
and
fine
screen made from
fine
iron
filters
were usually used.

Prechlorination
-Small dosage of
chlorine
is
added into the
raw water.
-reduce
the
intensity
of
colour, taste and
odour.

Aeration
-level
of
oxygen
of
water is raised
by injecting air
and creates a
turbulence
to
improve
its
odour
and
taste.
-This
process
eliminates the
odour
and
taste of diluted

Sedimentation
-colloids

and
suspended solids in
water is isolated.
-Chemical coagulant,
alumm is added.
-larger floc is formed
by
addition
of
floculant.

-coagulation
and
flocculation
process
stabilized
the
suspended
colloids
thus
forming
fine
particles which made

Filtration
-separates

unsettled flocs
and suspended
particles left in
the water.
- Sand filter,
floor
nozzles
and
fine
pebbles
was
usually used to
filter the water.

Disinfection
-made water to be pathogen-free.
-chemicals, such as chlorine is added into
the water.
-also known as chlorination process.

-water is then
feed and stored in
the clear water
tank.
-water in clear
water tank will
undergo a certain
detention time
depends on the
tank level and
treated flow rate
-water is then
distributed to the

Clear water
tank

CONCLUSION
-Fully equip with instruments and chemicals
needed for water analysis. Therefore, the water
quality analysis can be conducted without a
slight problem.
-All the materials and apparatus was stored in
orderly manner and these make the daily duty
can be carried out easily and efficiently.
-Gained a lot of knowledge regarding the
parameters for water quality analysis and water
treatment process, which had been a beneficial
experience for me.
-Learned to apply most of the knowledge that I