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MANUFACTURING AND
MATERIALS ENGINEERING
MME 4116
PRODUCT DESIGN AND
DEVELOPMENT
BY:
DR MOHD RADZI BIN HAJI CHE DAUD
CHAPTER 3
PROBLEM DEFINITION AND
NEED IDENTIFICATION
3.1 Introduction
What is problem definition
step in PDP?
Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering
Design 5e. 2013. The McGrawHill Companies
Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering
Design 5e. 2013. The McGrawHill Companies
Problem Definition
Product Development begins by determining
what the needs are that a product must meet.
Problem definition is the most important of
these steps in the PDP.
Understanding any problem thoroughly is
crucial to reaching an outstanding solution.
The problem definition process is mainly the
need identification step.
Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering
Design 5e. 2013. The McGrawHill Companies
Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering
Design 5e. 2013. The McGrawHill Companies
Definition of Customer
Webster Definition of Customer:
One that purchases a product or service.
End user
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Design 5e. 2013. The McGrawHill Companies
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Design 5e. 2013. The McGrawHill Companies
Focus
groups
Customer
surveys
Customer
complaints
Warranty
data
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Ethnographic Studies
Ethnography is the process of investigation and
documentation of the behavior of a specific
group of people under particular conditions.
Ethnography entails close observation, even to
the point of immersion, in the group being
studies while they are experiencing the
conditions of interest.
By this method, the observer can get a
comprehensive and integrated understanding
of the scenario under investigation.
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Design 5e. 2013. The McGrawHill Companies
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3.3 Customer
Requirements
What are customer
requirements?
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Design 5e. 2013. The McGrawHill Companies
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Customer Requirements
Designers must compile a ranked listing of
what customers need and want from the
product being designed.
This set of needs and wants is often called
customer requirements.
Hierarchy of human needs:
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
of
of
of
of
of
1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
Physiological needs
Safety and security needs
Social needs
Psychological needs
Self-fulfillment needs
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Kano Diagram
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Product Dissection
Observing a product during its use is
one of the most natural ways to gather
information about it.
The process of taking the object apart
to see how it works is known as both
product dissection and reverse
engineering.
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Technical Literature:
In addition to information from special interest
publications, there are scholarly journals that publish
research quality information.
Patent Literature:
Not all products are patented, but patent literature does
include inventions that have become successful products.
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US Patent 5,540,428
Basketball retrieval
and return device
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US Patent 5,681,230
Basketball retrieval
and return device
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Engineering Characteristics
Establishing the engineering characteristics is a
critical step toward writing the product design
specification.
The process of identifying the needs that a product
must fill is a complicated undertaking.
Just knowing what a customer or end user wants
from a product is not sufficient for generating
designs.
Concept generation starts when a good description
of the product is given.
A good description of a product is comprised of
solution-neutral specifications.
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Description of a Product
Design Parameters:
Parameters are a set of physical properties
whose values determine the form and behavior
of a design.
Design Variable:
A design variable is a parameter over which the
design team has a choice.
Constraints:
A design parameter whose value has been fixed
becomes a constraint during the design process.
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Competitive-Performance
Benchmarking
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House of Quality
House of Quality translates customer requirements into
quantifiable design variables, called engineering characteristics.
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