Effective Training

Techniques

Mark A. Hernandez, CHST

Presentation outline

Most frequent cited standards 2011

Training requirements for General Industry

Other training references: Blooms
Taxonomy & ANSI Z 490.1
ASSE Professional Safety Articles on
Effective Training Techniques
OSHA Construction Trainer resources and
requirements
OSHA Resources
2

Top 10 MFC standards in FY 2011

(1910)
Standards

Total
Violations

1. 19101200 Hazard Communication

5,521

2. 1910.147 Lockout/Tagout

3,595

3. 1910.305 Electrical, Wiring Methods

3,551

4. 1910.178 Powered Industrial Trucks

3,192

5. 1910.134 Respiratory Protection

3,125

6. 1910.303 Electrical, General Requirements

2,831

7. 1910.212 - Machine Guarding

2,718

8. 1910.132 Personal Protective Equipment

1,855

9. 1904.029 Recordkeeping, Forms

1,719

10. 1910.219 Mechanical Power Transmission Apparatus

1,644
3

Training: Pay now or pay

later

According to Broad & Newstrom in

1992, an estimated $50 Billion was
spent on formal training, with
another $90 120 Billion on
structured training.
ASTD estimated in 2010, that US
organizations spent $125.88 Billion
dollars on training.

OSHAs: VPP Program

Elements
In VPP, management, labor,
and OSHA work cooperatively
and proactively to prevent
fatalities, injuries, and
illnesses through a system
focused on: hazard
prevention and control;
worksite analysis; training;
and management
commitment and worker
involvement.

Blooms Taxonomy

In 1780 Abigail Adams stated, "Learning is not

attained by chance; it must be sought for with
ardor and attended to with diligence"

Although it received little attention when first

published in 1956, Bloom's Taxonomy has since
been translated into 22 languages and is one of
the most widely applied and most often cited
references in education.
6

Blooms Taxonomy

Creating: can the student

create new product or point of
view?

Evaluating: can the student

justify a stand or decision?

Analyzing: can the student

distinguish between the
different parts?

Applying: can the student

use the information in a new
way?

Understanding: can the

student explain ideas or
concepts?

Remembering: can the

ANSI Z490.1: Criteria for Accepted

Practices in Safety, Health &
Environmental Training

1.1 Scope - This Standard establishes

criteria for safety, health, and
environmental training programs,
including
development,
delivery,
evaluation, and
program management.

ANSI Z490.1: Criteria for Accepted

Practices in Safety, Health &
Environmental Training

3.2 The training program shall, at a

minimum, include the following elements:
- training development, including needs
assessment,
- learning objectives,
- course content and format,
- resource materials, and
- criteria for course completion
(see Section 4 of this Standard)

ANSI Z490.1: Criteria for Accepted

Practices in Safety, Health &
Environmental Training

3. Training Program Administration and

Management:
training delivery by Competent Trainers
in a suitable training environment
(see Section 5 of this Standard)
training evaluation and a continuous
improvement system
10

Effective training: Case Study (Oil &

Gas)
1. Compelling content:

Must be interesting, credible, and

compelling. Lessons learned proved to be
significant (relevant story).
Use Adult learning theories.
2. Identify the players:
The Master in the group to act as a
narrator for video, describing task and
potential hazards.

Source: ASSE Professional Safety: March 2011

11

12

Pareto Principle: Background

In 1906, Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto

created a mathematical formula to describe
the unequal distribution of wealth in his
country, observing that twenty percent of the
people owned eighty percent of the wealth. In
the late 1940s, Dr. Joseph M. Juran
inaccurately attributed the 80/20 Rule to
Pareto, calling it Paretos Principle. While it
may be misnamed, Paretos Principle or
Paretos Law as it is sometimes called, can be
a very effective tool to help you manage
13
effectively.

Pareto Principle: How to

Implement

1. Determine which people are the top 20%

producers
2. Spend 80% of your people time with the
top 20%
3. Spend 80% of your personnel
development dollars on the top 20%
4. Ask the top 20% to do on-the-job training
for the next 20% (Multiply vs. Growth)
14

Source: John C. Maxwell

Greatest Motivational Principle:

People Do what People See

Step 1: I do it.
Step 2: I do it and youre with me.
Step 3: You do it and Im with you.
Step 4: You do it.
Step 5: You do it and someone is with you.
Compounding (Multiplication) happens when you equip
someone who equips someone else.
15

Source: John C. Maxwell

Effective training: Case Study

3. Avoid Common Mistakes:

Do not use professional actors, the CEO

for videos. The worker knows much more
about the job than an outsider.
Best choice for the master trainer is the
person who looks the part and speaks with
occupational (not organizational)
authority. (Master/Maestro)
Use language that is understood by the
workers and is a cultural insider.

Source: ASSE Professional Safety: March 2011

16

Engaging Learners: Techniques To

Make training stick
The Training Process: According to Kline (1985):

[T]raining emphasizes the psychomotor

domain of learning. Training that is done in
the cognitive domain is generally at the
knowledge level or lower part of the
comprehension level. Education, on the
other hand, teaches a minimum of
psychomotor skills. It concentrates instead on
the cognitive domain, especially the higher
cognitive levels. (ie. High comprehension & 17
Source: ASSE Professional Safety: August 2011
above)

Engaging Learners: Techniques To

Make training stick

Adult Learners retain:

20% of what they read
and hear
40% of what they See
50% of what they Say
60% of what they Do
(People do what people
See)

Source: ASSE Professional Safety: August 2011

For Trainer:

Building
Rapport:
(Connecting)
38% Tonality
55%
Physiology
7% Words
18

Engaging Learners: Techniques To

Make training stick
1. Talk:
All kinds: monologues, dialogues,
discussions, debates, interviews promotes
creative and critical thinking.
Lecturing is the most common form of
training only 20% what is heard is retained.
2. Role Playing:
Based on believability of scenario and
participants -will gain life & interpersonal
skills.

Source: ASSE Professional Safety: August 2011

19

Engaging Learners: Techniques To

Make training stick
3. Group Projects with single response:
Break-out into 3 or 4 groups, give a scenario
with same question, ea. group responds to 2
questions, and has a time-limit for answers.
Each group will deliver their responses.
4. Group Project with Individual responses:
Similar to 3., with instructor choosing one
person and each person writes their own
answers.

Source: ASSE Professional Safety: August 2011

20

Engaging Learners: Techniques To

Make training stick
5. Group Examination:
Each group has a different scenarios and
questions, each group give outcomes.
6. Accelerated Learning:
A combination of games or activities which
involves imaginary and all of the senses in
order to create a rich memorable moment (ex.
Bingo).

Source: ASSE Professional Safety: August 2011

21

Engaging Learners: Techniques To

Make training stick
7. Student Demonstrations: Show what they
know:
Allow students who know or are proficient in
a specific area (Maestro/Master) and allow that
person the opportunity to show their
proficiency by allowing five minutes to
demonstrate skill.
8. Peer Coaching:
One-on-One: observe work and give positive
22
feedback

Source: ASSE Professional Safety: August 2011

Engaging Learners: Techniques To

Make training stick
9. Guided Discussions:

This method is useful when a trainer is trying

to help students develop their ability to asses a
situation and think on their feet

Thinking is the hardest a person can do

that is why so few engage in it. Henry
Ford

Source: ASSE Professional Safety: August 2011

23

Engaging Learners: Techniques To

Make training stick
10. Simulations:

A training environment set up to produce a

comprehensive workplace-like experience.
11. Storytelling:
The single most effective training is telling relevant
stories and having students reflect on them (Blair &
Seo. 2007)

Reflection + Experience = Insight John C. Maxwell

Source: ASSE Professional Safety: August 2011

24

Engaging Learners: Techniques

To Make training stick
11. Storytelling: Cullen
(2007) Four types:
Hero Stories: larger
than life characters who
saves another worker or
prevents a crisis.

Villain stories: one

who is opposite of hero
and causes the loss of
life or crisis.

Source: ASSE Professional Safety: August 2011

25

Engaging Learners: Techniques

To Make training stick
11. Storytelling: Cullen
(2007) Four types:

Adventure stories:
tell of a specific event
drama.
Fool stories: character
who does things wrong
and creates loss of life or
crisis.

Source: ASSE Professional Safety: August 2011

26

Les Browns 3 step process of giving

value in a story
a. Distract: From the present story they are currently

listening to (emotionally, mentally, physically etc.)

b. Dispute: Strategy to have individual back-away

from their present limited belief. Having a good
strategy makes you stand out.
c. Inspire: To Behave different differently. Inspire to
do more, challenge, think outside their present
thinking add value. Dont simply tell it, Experience
it. Only then will you draw the audience in with you
by using your emotions, tone, and body language. You
want to take the audience there and experience the
27
moment with you thats connecting.

Reflection

Blooms Taxonomy & ANSI Z490.1 are resources for

developing clear learning objectives and training that
is understood.
Create an environment conducive for the employees
growth.
Identify Influencers in the group and equip them to
Multiply others.
Engage critical thinking and challenge limited belief
systems with any of the groups discussions or
questions. This will also increase communication, life,
and inter-personal skills.
28
Use Storytelling as a way to Inform, Challenge, and

WE IS THE KEY!

We is the Key!

29

Other Resources
1. Everyone Communicates, Few Connect.
John C. Maxwell
2. Tribal Leadership: Levering groups to Build
a Thinking Organization Dr. Dave Logan
3. StandOut Marcus Buckingham
4. Blooms Taxonomy:
http://www.odu.edu/educ/roverbau/Bloom/b
looms_taxonomy.htm
5. Les Brown video:
http://tellyourstory.lesbrown.com/fe/11655-ho
w-to-tell-your-story-series?r=y
30

Quotes

If you know the Why, you can live any How

Friedrich Nietzsche
Leadership is nothing more & nothing less than
Influence John C. Maxwell
Trust is the foundation of Influence Stephen Covey
Change is inevitable, Growth is Optional - JCM
Only wet babies like change, the rest of us resist it
Scott Faye
People do what People see JCM
People dont care what you know until you show them
that you care. - JCM
31

OSHA Training resources

Employee training must be provided in a language

that employees understand:

https://www.osha.gov/dep/OSHA-training-standards-p
olicy-statement.pdf
OSHA Construction training:
http://www.osha.gov/dte/outreach/construction/index
.html
Intro to OSHA:
http://www.osha.gov/dte/outreach/teachingaids.html
Construction Focus 4:
http://www.osha.gov/dte/outreach/construction/focus
_four/index.html
Susan Harwood Grants:
32
http://www.osha.gov/dte/grant_materials/material_lis

GHS Compliance
Assistance Resources

Background: http://www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/global.html
http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_rev02/02files_e.
html

GHS PPT:
http://www.osha.gov/dcsp/alliances/schc/silk_schc_sept05/inde
x.html
Interp:
http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p
_table=INTERPRETATIONS&p_id=27218
Facts on Aligning:
http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p
_table=INTERPRETATIONS&p_id=27218
33

Heat Stress & Fall Prevention

Campaign

Heat Stress:
http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/heatillness/in
dex.html
Fall Prevention:
http://www.osha.gov/stopfalls/index.htm
l
34

NFPA 70E 2012 video

updates

NTT:
http://www.nttinc.com/free-resources/webinars
/webinar-nfpa-70e-how-2012-updates-effect-you

Loos & Co. Significant Case:

http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp
.show_document?p_table=NEWS_RELEASES&p_
id=21327
35

Safety Resources

Business Case for Safety:

http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etoo
ls/safetyhealth/index.html
http://www.osha.gov/dcsp/pro
ducts/topics/businesscase/in
dex.html

OSHCON:
http://www.tdi.state.tx.us/wc
/safety/oshcon.html#WrittenPr
ograms

Safety Pays:
http://www.osha.gov/dcsp/sma
llbusiness/safetypays/index.

OSHA Compliance Assistance

Resources
Quick Takes:
http://www.osha.gov/as/opa/quicktakes/in
dex.html

Compliance Assistance Quick

Start: 1910, 1926, Healthcare, &
Hispanic
https://www.osha.gov/dcsp/compliance_
assistance/quickstarts/index.html

OSHA Publications:
https://www.osha.gov/pls/publications/
publication.html

BLS Incident Rate calculator:

http://data.bls.gov:8080/IIRC/?data_tool=I

Mark A. Hernandez, Certified Speaker,

Trainer, Coach
markhernandez@johnmaxwellgroup.com, 832-597-5474
http://www.johnmaxwellgroup.com/markhernandez/
Connect with me:
LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/in/mahernandez
Facebook: mark.hernandez
Twitter: https://twitter.com/#!/marka_hernandez

Lead Yourself & Multiply Others!

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