MEng 2141

Machine Drawing

Fikru Gebre (MSc.)

Jimma University

Lecture 6: Gears

Outline

Type of gears
Terminologies or nomenclatures

Introduction

Gears are machine elements, which are

used for power transmission between
shafts, separated by small distance.

Introduction

Types of Gears

Spurs
Helical
Bevel
Worm
Rack and pinion

Spur Gears

Are used in transmitting torque between parallel

shafts

Helical Gears

Are used in transmitting torques between parallel or non

parallel shafts, they are not as noisy as spur gears

Bevel Gears
Are used to transmit
rotary motion
between intersecting
shafts
Teeth are formed on
conical surfaces, the
teeth could be straight or
spiral.

Worm Gears

Are used for transmitting motion between non

parallel and non transmitting shafts, Depending on
the number of teeth engaged called single or
double. Worm gear mostly used when speed ratio is

Nomenclature

Smaller Gear is Pinion and Larger one is the gear

In most application the pinion is the driver, This
reduces speed but it increases torque.

Internal Spur Gear System

Nomenclature of spur-gear teeth.

Nomenclature of spur-gear teeth.

Nomenclature of spur-gear teeth.

Pitch circle, theoretical circle upon which all calculation is based;
its diameter is the pitch diameter. The pitch circles of a pair of
mating gears are tangent to each other.
A pinion is the smaller of two mating gears.
The larger is often called the gear.

The circular pitch p is the distance, measured on the pitch circle,

from a point on one tooth to a corresponding point on an adjacent

tooth.
Thus the circular pitch is equal to the sum of the tooth thickness
and the width of space.
p=d/N

Nomenclature of spur-gear teeth.

The module m is the ratio of the pitch diameter

to the number of teeth.

m, module=d/N pitch circle/number of teeth

p= m

The diametral pitch P is the ratio of the number

of teeth on the gear to the pitch diameter.
P, Diametral Pitch P=N/d
pP=

Angle has the values of 20 or 25 degrees. Angle 14.5 have been also
used. Gear profile is constructed from the base circle. Then additional
clearance are given

Drawing Bevel Gears

Drawing Bevel Gears

Step 1:
Calculate the following dimensions:
Diameter of the Pitch Circle for the Gear
Addendum (0.125)
Dedendum (0.1446)
Diameter of the Pitch Circle for the Pinion
Addendum (0.125)
Dedendum (0.1446)

Drawing Bevel Gears

Step 2:

Draw the pitch cones as shown in the

diagram.
Draw the main center lines at right
angles to each other to intersect at the
cone apex (point O).
Lay off the pitch diameters of the gear
(PA) and the pinion (PB).
Draw the lines OA, OP, and OB with
form the pitch cone.

Step 3:

Drawing Bevel Gears

Draw the addendum and the

dedendum as shown in the
diagram.

Draw lines at A, P, and B

perpendicular to OA, OP, and OB.
Lay off the addendum and
dedendum distances and draw
light lines to intersect at point O.

Step 4:

Drawing Bevel Gears

Lay off the face

width for both the
gear and the pinion,
measuring along the
pitch cone.

Drawing Bevel Gears

Step 5:

Calculate the values for

the proportions for the
remaining features for
both the gear and the
pinion. Complete the
full section view as
shown.

Drawing Bevel Gears

Step 6:
Normally a section view of the bevel gear is all that is required
unless a second view is required to show such details as spokes.
Establish the position for the center of the circular view. Lay off
the main center lines. Project points 1, 2, 3, and 4 from the front
view to the circular and draw light circles.
Step 7:
Lay off the radial center lines for each tooth. The tooth spacing
equals 360 degrees / N. An arc whose radius is taken on the back
cone is used as the pitch circle and a tooth is developed using
standard spur gear formulas. Tooth sizes taken on the OD and
pitch diameter are transferred to the front view, and the profiles
for the teeth are drawn. Radial lines from these points are taken
and the small end of the tooth is developed.
Step 8:
The teeth on the side or section view can new be drawn by
projecting from the front view.

Remaining chapters
Bearing, spring,

Bearings

Bearings are supports for shafts, providing

stability, and free and smooth rotation.

Rolling Contact Bearings load is transferred
through rolling elements such as balls, straight
and tapered cylinders and spherical rollers.
Journal (sleeve) Bearings load is transferred
through a thin film of lubricant (oil).

Rolling Contact Bearings

spring

A spring is a mechanical device

designed to store energy when

deflected and to return the equivalent
amount o f energy when released

spring