Professional Documents
Culture Documents
FORMATION
(HEMATOPOIESIS)
dr. Mansyur Arif, Ph.D, SpPK
Dept. of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine,
Hasanuddin University, Makassar
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Definition
Hematopoiesis is the proliferation of
progenitor cells, which are maintained by
the stem cells and their differentiation into
all the cellular components of blood.
B. Sites of hematopoiesis depend on the
presence of disease and on the developmental state of the individual.
1. Normal conditions originate in the bone
marrow
2. Disease
In the presence of disease, extramedullary
sites can serve as primary sites of blood
cell
development.
II. BONE MARROW
A. Stem cells CFU (Colony - Forming Unit)
are found within the BM as the origin of all blood
cells.
2. Multipotential stem cells myeloid multipotential stem cells and lymphoid multipotential stem cells.
- Myeloid multipotential stem cells :
* CFU-GEMM (CFU-S) CFU granulocytes,
erythrocytes, monocytes and
megakaryocy-
Pluripotent
stem cell
CFUGEMM
stem cell
BFUE
Erythroid
Progenitors
Lymphoid
CFUGMEo
CFUEo
CFUMeg
CFUbaso
CFUGM
CFUE
Thymus
CFU-M
CFU-G
B
Red Cells
FIGURE 1.
Platelets
Monocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes
Required stimulus
Postulated Role
CFU-LM
Multiple GF
CFUGEMM
(CFU-S)
GM-CSF, G-CSF,
M-CSF, IL-3
CFU-GM
(CFU-C)
GM-CSF, G-CSF,
M-CSF, IL-3
Committed progenitor of
granulopoiesis
BFU-E
CFU-E
Erythropoietin
Committed progenitor of
erythropoiesis (late)
CFU- Meg
Committed progenitor of
thrombopoiesis
mic
cells
~ M-CSF influencing macrophage prod.
~ Thrombopoietin influencing CFU-mega
2)
(Table
Erythropoietin
(Epo)
GM-CSF
G-CSF
M-CSF
C.
Source
Function
IL - 1
Macrophages, T
and B cells,
fibroblasts
IL - 2 (T
T cells
IL - 4
IL 5
T cells
IL - 6
Lymphocytes,
fibroblasts
IL-7
Stromal Cells
IL - 8
Fibroblasts,
vasc. endot.
cells GF)
(EoGF)
III. SPLEEN
The chief organ of RES, which also
includes BM, lymph nodes, liver, circulating
monocytes and fixed tissue macrophages.
Its chief role in hematopoiesis occurs in
utero ; its postnatal participation is limited.
Extramedullary hematopoieis in the spleen
occurs in several circumstances
Functions :
Participates in immunologic and phagocytic
activities
Produces stem cells capable of
differentiating along hematopoietic, histiocytic
and fibroblastic cell lines
Play roles in the autoantibody response and
determining blood volume.
findings
in
the
ERYTHROPOIESIS
Erythropoiesis is the segment of hematopoiesis concerned with the production of
erythrocytes (red cells). In essence, it is a
system for the production and packaging of
Hb molecules.
Maturation stages begin with the pronormoblast, which derives from a pool of more
primitive stem cells
MATURATION STAGES
STEM CELLS
PRONORMOBLAST
BASOPHILIC NORMOBLAST
POLYCHROMATOPHILIC NORMOBLAST
ORTHOCHROMATOPHILIC NORMOBLAST
RETICULOCYTE
MATURE RED CELL
2% pronormoblast
18% basophilic normoblast
54% polychromatophilic normoblasts
26% orthochromatophilic normoblasts
Erythropoietin (Epo)
- Regulate erythropoietic activity
- Also shorten the total time taken for a pronormoblast to mature into marrow reticulocytes & for the later to be released
into the circulation
The life span averages aprox. 120 days.
GRANULOPOIESIS
Types of leucocytes :
- Type of defense function : phagocytes (i.e., granulocytes and monocytes) and immunocytes (i.e.,
lymphocytes and plasma cells)
Maturation stages
MYELOBLAST
PROMYELOCYTE
MYELOCYTE
METAMYELOCYTE
BAND FORM
MATURE PMN GRANULOCYTE
1. NEUTROPHILS
Functions : ~ Chemotaxis
~ Cytotoxic activities : phagocytosis
and granule toxicity
2. EOSINOPHILS
Functions :
~ a first line defense against parasites
~ modulate hypersensitivity reactions
~ migrate to inflammatory sites
Functions :
~ involved in immediately hypersensitivity
~ trigger anaphylactic degranulation
~ active arachidonic acid metabolites
(e.g..leukotrienes, prostaglandin)
4. MONOCYTES
Functions :
~ Activating stimuli
~ Chemotaxis
~ Phagocytosis
Morphology :
Monoblast
Promonocytes
Monocytes
Life span :
4.5 10 hours (mean 8.5 h)
LYMPHOCYTOPOIESIS
There are three major functional classes of lymphocytes : B lymphocytes (B cell), T lymphocytes (T cell)
and Natural Killer (NK cell)
Differentiation :
~ B - lymphocyte diff. in BM :
Early pre-B cell
pre B-cell
immature B cell
mature B cell
Function :
~ B cell function : humoral immunity (i.e.,anti
body/immunoglobulins production)
~ T cell function : cell-mediated immunity
including delayed hypersensitivity, graft
rejection, contact allergic reaction
Life
span : years
THROMBOPOIESIS
Blood platelets play an essential role in
hemostasis, thrombosis and coagulation of
blood
The platelet count ranging from 140,000450,000/ul
Life span : 8 to 12 days
Functions : Platelets participate in the formations of a platelet plug and a stable fibrin clot
(adhesion and aggregation)
Maturation stages
Pluripotential stem cell CFU-Meg Megakaryoblast
Proliferation
CSF-Mega
Megakaryocyte maturation Platelet shading
Thrombopoietin (TP)
THANK YOU