1

BARRAGE DESIGN

Group Members

Shahbaz Manzoor

BSCE 01113099

Arslan Ali Mughal

BSCE 01113130

Uzair Akram

BSCE 01113133

Shahzad Mehmood

BSCE 01113149

Barrage

The function of a Barrage is similar to that of weir,

but the heading up of water is controlled by the gates
alone. No solid obstruction is put across the river.
The crest level in the barrage is kept at a low level.

During the floods, the gates are raised to clear off the
high flood level

Plan of Barrage

Guide Bund

Terms used in Barrage Design

i)

Discharge (Q) = m3/sec

It is the volume metric flow of water during per unit time.

ii) Discharge Intensity (q) = m3/sec

Discharge flowing through per unit width of a structure
which is;
q = Q/B and q = 1.70E3/2
iii) Velocity of Approach
The velocity of flowing water approaching to a metering
section is called velocity of approach which is;
Hap = V2/2g
iv) Energy Line (E)
It is equal to depth of water + velocity of approach.
E = D+ Hap

v) Critical Depth (dc)

It is the depth of water at which Specific Energy is
minimum

dc = [q2/g]1/3
vi) Scour Depth (R)
It is the maximum depth measured from the High Flood
Level (HFL) to the lowest bed point which is eroded/
scoured as an outcome of water current.
R = 1.35 (q2/f)1/3
vii) Wetted Parameter (P)
It is the surface area of any cross section which is wetted
by the flowing water.
P = 4.75 Q
Where P = B + 2D.

viii)Conjugate Depth (d1d2)

These are the depth of water it is before and after the
formation of Hydraulic jump.
ix) Discharge over the Weir (Q)
Q = CBH3/2
B = Breadth of the Weir in meter
H = Total Water Depth above the Weir Crest
C = Constant depends upon the Drowning Ration (2.9
3.1) in FPS
system and 1.7 in MKS system.
x) Drowning Ratio
It is the ratio between the depth of water above crest at
the D/S to the depth of water above crest on the U/S.
DR = h/D

Site Selection
i)

The site must have a good command over the

area to be irrigated and must also be not too far
distant from the command area to avoid long
feeder channels.

ii) The width of the river at the site should

preferably be the minimum with a well defined and
stable river approaches.
iii) A good land approach to the site will reduce the
expense of transportation and, therefore, the
ultimate cost of the Barrage.

v)

Central approach of the river to the Barrage

after Diversion. This is essential for proper
silt control and erosion to avoid river
meandering and minimize the operating
expansive.

vi)

The material required for construction should

preferably be available close to the site to
minimize the construction cost.

vii) A rock foundation is the best but in alluvial

plains the bed is invariably sandy.

SURFACE FLOW
CONSIDERATION

Surface Flow Consideration

Retrogression:
Retrogression is a temporary phenomenon which
occurs after the construction of weir or barrage in a
river flowing through alluvial soil.
As a result of back-water effects and the increase in
depths, the velocity of the water decreases resulting in
the deposition of the sediment load.

Accretion

Accretion is the reverse of retrogression and

normally occurs u/s although may also occur d/s
after the retrogression cycle is completed.

Step-I
Determined of Designed Discharge (Qm)
The first step is to decide on the Maximum Flood
Discharge likely to be anticipated during the design
period. This discharge is calculated on the basis of
50 or 100 years return period. BY

Q = CIA

Step-II
Width of Weir
The width of the Barrage should be adequate
enough to pass the design discharge amicably for
the given pond level. Laceys Formula can serve
as a guide line for fixing the length of the Barrage

Pw = 2.67 Q

or P = 4.83 Q

(MKS)

Laceys looseness coefficient which varies 1 1.6

19

Step-iii
Fixing of the Crest Level
The crest level is fixed by the requirements of the total
head required to pass the designed flood over the crest.
R = 0.9 (q2/f)1/3 or R = 1.35 (q2/f)1/3
The velocity of approach will be (q/R) and therefore the
velocity head (V2/2g) can be calculated. This would fix the
U/S energy line. Thus using the Discharge formula.
Q = C.L.H.3/2

21

Step # iv:
Fixation of crest level of under sluice

22

23

Step # v:
Fixation of d/s floor using blench curve

24

25

26

vi) Hydraulic jump formation

Crump's Curve
First calculate discharge intensity (q) for three bed
conditions.
Find out dc i.e. (q2/g)1/3
Also find out the U/S and D/S Energy Lines for one
set of Flow Condition and Calculate (HL)/dc
Calculate the value of F for critical flow condition
and check weather the Hydraulic Jumps moves on the
D/S glacis.

Crump's Curve

29

30

Step # vii)
Scour protection:

31

Step-viii
Flexible Apron
The protection provided is such as to cover 1.5 x depth
of scour on the U/s side and 1.5 to 2 x depth of scour (d2
) on the D/S side at a slope of 3:1.

33

Step-ix
Inverted Filter:
An inverted filter is provided between the D/S Sheet Piles
and the flexible protection. It would typically consist of
6 fine sand, 9 coarse and 9gravel.

The length of the filter should be 2 x D/S depth of the

sheet piles.

Inverted Filter:

36

Step # x)
Design of guide bank

Guide Banks:

The guide banks provided in pairs, symmetrical in

plan and may either be kept parallel or may diverge slightly upstream.

37

Details of Guide Bund

39

Step # xi)
Design of marginal bund:

Marginal

Embankments or Levees.

The marginal embankments

retains the flood waters as a result of back water effect.

40

Details of Marginal Bund

42

SUB SURFACE
FLOW
CONSIDERATION

Step # 1)
Fixing the depth of sheet pil:

44

Step # 2)
Calculation of exit gradient:

45

46

Step # 3)
Calculation of uplift pressure and
correction:

47

Khoslas Theory

Khoslas Theory

Correction for Mutual Interference of Piles

51

Correction for Thickness of the Floor

53

Correction for Slope

THANKS

55