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When two
plates
slide past
each
other, they
create a
transform
fault, like
the San
Andreas
fault.
Primary Waves
Seismic waves that travel the
fastest are called primary waves,
or P waves. P waves arrive at a
given point before any other
type of seismic wave. P waves
travel through solids, liquids and
gases.
Secondary Waves
Seismic waves that do not travel
through the Earth as fast as P waves
do are secondary waves, or S waves.
S waves arrive at a given point after
P waves do. S waves travel through
solids but not through liquids and
gases.
Surface Waves
The slowest-moving seismic waves are
called surface waves, or L waves. L waves
arrive at a given point after primary and
secondary waves do. L waves originate at
the epicenter. Surface waves travel along
the surface of the earth, rather than down
into the earth. Although they are the
slowest of all the earthquake waves, L
waves usually cause more damage than P
or S waves.