Optimization

Optimization: Introduction
Episode: I
Optimization:
Introduction
Prepared by Performance
Team
Contents
Global indicators
Typical Radio Network Problem
Coverage Problem
Interference problem
Unbalanced power budget
problem
Congestion problem
Problems and responsible
parties
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
Global Indicators
4 stages of a call establishment,
2 stages (1&2) for location
update :
1. Radio link establishment Phase
2. SDCCH Phase
then only Circuit Switch call
3. TCH assignment Phase

4. Alerting/Connect Phase
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
Mobile Originated Call (MOC)
Global
Indicators
MS
BTS
BSC
MSC
CHANNEL REQUEST
(RACH)
CHANNEL REQUIRED
CHANNEL ACTIVATION (SDCCH)
1. Radio Link
Establishmen
t Phase
CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK

IMMEDIATE ASSIGN COMMEND
IMMEDIATE ASSIGN
(AGCH)
SABM (L3 info)
(SDCCH)
ESTABLISH IND (L3 info)
UA (L3 info)
CR (Connection Request: L3
INFO)
CC (Connection Complete)
(SDCCH)
LOCATION UPDATE REQUEST (IN CASE OF LU)
AUTHENTICATION REQUEST
AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE
2. SDCCH Phase
CIPHERING MODE COMMAND

CIPHERING MODE COMPLETE
LOCATION UPDATE ACCEPT (IN CASE OF LU)
TMSI REALLOCATION COMPLETE (IN CASE OF LU)
SETUP
CALL PROCEEDING
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
PHYSICAL CONTEXT REQUEST
PHYSICAL CONTEXT CONFIRM
CHANNEL ACTIVATION (TCH)
TCH allocation
CHANNEL ALLOCATION ACK.

ASSIGNMENT COMMEND
(SDCCH)
SABM
TCH
3. TCH Assignment
Phase
ESTABLISH INDICATION
UA (L3 info)
ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE
ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE
ALERTING
CONNECT
4. Alert and Connect

Phase
Optimization:
Introduction
CONNECT ACK.
CONVERSATION
Team
Global Indicators
Handover : Intracell HO
MS
BTS
Measurement Report
BSC
MSC
MEASUREMENT RESULT
PHYSICAL CONTEXT REQUEST (old channel)
PHYSICAL CONTEXT CONFIRM (old channel)
CHANNEL ACTIVATION (new channel)
CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK (new channel)
ASSIGNMENT CMD
ASSIGNMENT COMMEND (old channel)
SABM (L3 info)

(SDCCH)
ESTABLISH IND (new channel)
UA (L3 info)
(SDCCH)
ASSIGNMENT CMP
ESTABLISH COMPLETE (new channel)

HANDOVER PERFORMED
RF CHANNEL RELEASE (old channel)
RF CHANNEL RELEASE ACK (old channel)
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
Global Indicators
Handover : Internal HO
MS
Serving
Cell
Target
Cell
BSC
MSC
Meas. Report
MEASUREMENT RESULT
CHANNEL ACTIVATION
CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK.
HO CMD
HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER ACCESS
HANDOVER DETECTION
PHYSICAL INFORMATION
SABM (L3 info)

UA (L3 info)
HANDOVER COMPLETE
HO CMP
HANDOVER PERFORMED
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
Global Indicators
Handover : External HO
MS
Serving Cell
BSC
MSC
BSC
Target Cell
MEAS_REPORT
MEAS_RESULT
HO_REQUIRED
CR (HO_REQUEST)
CC
CHANNEL_ACTIVATION
CHANNEL_ACT_ACK
HO_REQUEST_ACK
(HO_COMMAND)
HO_COMMAND
HO_ACCESS
HO_ACCESS
HO_DETECTION
HO_DETECTION
PHYSICAL_INFO
SABM (L3 info)
ESTABLISH_INDICATION
HO_COMPLETE
UA (L3 info)
HO_COMPLETE
CLEAR_COMMAND
Release of TCH
Optimization:
Introduction
Cause: HO_SUCCESSFUL
Team
MS
Global Indicators
Important indicators :
Optimization:
Introduction
SDCCH Congestion
SDCCH Assignment Failure
SDCCH Drop
TCH Assignment Failure
Call Drop
Call Setup Success
Call Success
Outgoing Handover
Incoming Handover
Handover Causes Distribution
(Better/Level/Quality/MCHO/...)
Team
Global Indicators
SDCCH Congestion :
MS
BTS
CHANNEL REQUEST
(RACH)
BSC
CHANNEL REQUIRED
NO FREE SDCCH !!!
IMM. ASS. REJECT (OPTION)
(AGCH)
MS will try to request again for a certain of
Optimization:
Introduction
times
If still failures, it will
Wait for a certain of time without
reception of immediate_assign
message
Try an automatic cell_reselection in
case of LU (no impact for subscriber)
Notify a network error
for call
Prepared
by Performance
establishment (call setup failure for Team
Global Indicators
SDCCH Congestion : Main causes
Too much SDCCH normal traffic for
cell SDCCH design
Logical cell design, extra TRX, new site
Common Transport Effect

Difficult to avoid for small cells
LA border at crowded area
Abnormal SDCCH traffic
phantom channel requests

Inadequate LAC design, causing too
Optimization:
Introduction
much LU
Redesign LAC
Problem with neighbor cells belong to
other LAC
Team
Global Indicators
SDCCH RF Failure : main causes
MS
BTS
BSC
MSC
CHANNEL REQUEST
(RACH)
CHANNEL REQUIRED
CHANNEL ACTIVATION (SDCCH)
CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK
IMMEDIATE ASSIGN
(AGCH)
???
no message from MS
Real radio problems

Bad coverage
Interference
In case of radio failure, MS will retry as in case

of SDCCH congestion
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
Global Indicators
SDCCH RF Failure : main causes
Phantom/Ghost/Spurious/Dummy...RA
CH
Optimization:
Introduction
Channel request received but not sent : 3

causes
1. Noise decoding
2. Reception of channel request sent to
a neighbor cell
3. Reception of HO_ACCESS sent to a
neighbor cell
Team
Global Indicators
SDCCH RF Failure : main causes : Phantom RACH
1.
Noise decoding
Optimization:
Introduction
GSM 05.05: 0.02% of RACH Frame can

be decoded without error without real
input signal (this extra-load has no
impact for the system)
BCCH not combined: 156 phantom
RACCH/hour (or about 0.08 Erlang
SDCCH)
BCCH combined: 83 phantom RACH/hour
During period with low real traffic (night),
high rate of phantom RACH
No impact for subscriber
But impact on indicator SDCCH RF access
failure
Team
Global Indicators
2.
Optimization:
Introduction
Channel request sent to neighbor cell
Subscriber is not impacted ( the real

transaction is performed elsewhere)
But SDCCH RF access failure is impacted
Usual radio planning rules are sufficient to

avoid the trouble (BSIC and BCCH
frequency plan)
Team
Global Indicators
3.
Channel request due to handover
During HO, first message sent to target

cell is HO access which is an access burst
like channel_request
If received on BCCH, can be understood

as a channel-request
This case is the most dangerous
MS is sending usually a sequence of HO

Access message, every frame !!
In some cases, this can create phantom

RACH if the frequency of TCH is co- or
adjacent to one of the interfered BCCH
Can block very easily SDCCH
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
Global Indicators
SDCCH Drop :
MS
BTS
BSC
MSC
Radio connection loss

CONNECTION FAILURE INDICATION
(cause : radio link failure)
CLEAR REQUEST
(cause : radio interface failure)
Loss of connection during SDCCH phase =
Optimization:
Introduction
SDCCH Drop
3 causes of SDCCH drop
Radio problems when connected on
SDCCH
BSS problems (Transcoder and Internal
BSS problems)
Call lost during an SDCCH HO
(handover failure without reversion to
old channel)
Team
Global Indicators
TCH assign failure : Congestion
MS
BTS
BSC
MSC
ASSIGNMNET REQUEST
no RTCH available on request cell
ASSIGNMENT FAILURE
cause No Radio Resources Available
4 sub causes of congestion

A: Queuing is not allowed
B: Queue is full
C: T11 expired
D: RTCH requests is de-queued due to a
high priority (i.e. emergency call)

request to be queued
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
Global Indicators
TCH assign failure : Radio
MS
BTS
BSC
MSC
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST

TCH allocation

ASSIGNMENT COMMEND
(SDCCH)
TCH
Optimization:
Introduction
Radio Problem
ASSIGNMENT FAILURE
Radio interface failure
Team
Global Indicators
TCH assign failure : BSS
MS
BTS
BSC
MSC
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST

TCH allocation

ASSIGNMENT COMMEND
(SDCCH)
BSS Problem
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
Global Indicators
TCH Drop : Radio
MS
BTS
BSC
MSC
Alerting Connection Phase or Communication : at any time

Radio Problem
Optimization:
Introduction

(cause : radio link failure)
CLEAR REQUEST
(cause : radio interface failure)
Team
Global Indicators
TCH Drop : BSS
MS
BTS
BSC
MSC

Radio Problem

(Remote transcoder failure)
CLEAR REQUEST
(Equipment failure)
Transcoder reported problem

Abis transmission Problem: Microwave,
Microwave antenna, fixed line problems.

Problem on TC boards (hardware problem)
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
Global Indicators
TCH Drop : BSS
MS
BTS
BSC
MSC

BSS problem
CLEAR REQUEST
O&M intervention
Radio interface failure
Other BSS problem (excluding TC)

Hardware or software failures of BSC/BTS
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
Global Indicators
TCH Drop : Handover
MS
BTS
BSC
MSC

HO failure without reversion
Optimization:
Introduction
CLEAR REQUEST
Radio interface message failure
Call drop during handover
Team
Global Indicators
Intracell HO Failures
Congestion
Reversion to Old Channel (ROC)
Drop Radio
BSS problem
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
Global Indicators
Intracell HO Failures : Congestion
Serving
BTS
MS
BSC
MSC
Measurement Report
MEASUREMENT RESULT
No Free TCH/SDCCH
Intracell HO Failures : Drop

MS
BTS
ASSIGNMENT CMD
BSC
MSC
ASSIGNMENT COMMAND (old channel)
Release of old and new channels
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
Global Indicators
Intracell HO Failures : Reversion to Old Channel
Serving
BTS
MS
ASSIGNMENT CMD
Serving
BSC
MSC
ASSIGNMENT COMMEND (old channel)
SABM (new channel)

ESTABLISH IND (new channel)
UA (new channel)
X
X
SABM (new channel)

UA (new channel)
SABM (old channel)
UA (old channel)
ASSIGNMENT FAIL
ESTABLISH INDICATION (old channel)
ASSIGNMNENT FAILURE
RF CHANNEL RELEASE (old channel)
RF CHANNEL RELEASE ACK (old channel)
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
Global Indicators
Internal HO Failures
Serving
Cell
MS
HO CMD
: Reversion to Old Channel
Target
Cell
BSC
MSC
HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER ACCESS
HANDOVER DETECTION
PHYSICAL INFORMATION
SABM (L3 info)

UA (L3 info)
HANDOVER COMPLETE
SABM
UM
HO FAILURE
HO FAILURE
Release of new channel
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
Global Indicators
Internal HO Failures
MS
Serving
Cell
: Drop
Target
Cell
BSC
MSC
Meas. Report
MEASUREMENT RESULT
CHANNEL ACTIVATION
CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK.
HO CMD
HANDOVER COMMAND
Clear_request
Clear_command
Release of old and new TCH
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
Global Indicators
External HO Failures : Congestion
MS
Serving Cell
BSC
MSC
BSC
Target Cell
MS
Target Cell
MS
MEAS_REPORT
MEAS_RESULT
HO_REQUIRED
CR (HO_REQUEST)
HO_REQUIRED_REJECT
HO_FAILURE
Cause: no radio resource available
External HO Failures : A int.

MS
Serving Cell
BSC
Congestion
MSC
BSC
MEAS_REPORT
MEAS_RESULT
HO_REQUIRED
CR (HO_REQUEST)
HO_REQUIRED_REJECT
Optimization:
Introduction
HO_FAILURE
Cause: terrestrial circuit already allocated
Requested trerestrial resource unavailable
BSS not equipped
Team
Global Indicators
External HO Failures : Reversion to Old Channel
MS
Serving Cell
BSC
MSC
BSC
Target Cell
MEAS_REPORT
MEAS_RESULT
HO_REQUIRED
CR (HO_REQUEST)
CC
CHANNEL_ACTIVATION
CHANNEL_ACT_ACK
HO_COMMAND
HO_REQUEST_ACK
(HO_COMMAND)
X
X
SABM
UA
HO_ACCESS
HO_ACCESS
ESTABLISH_INDICATION
HO_FAILURE(reversion to pld channel)

CLEAR_COMMAND
Radio interface fail:
Reversion to old channel
Optimization:
Introduction
Release connection
Team
MS
Global Indicators
External HO Failures : Drop
MS
Serving Cell
BSC
MSC
BSC
Target Cell
MEAS_REPORT
MEAS_RESULT
HO_REQUIRED
CR (HO_REQUEST)
CC
CHANNEL_ACTIVATION
CHANNEL_ACT_ACK
HO_REQUEST_ACK
(HO_COMMAND)
HO_COMMAND
X
X
SABM
SABM
SABM
HO_ACCESS
X
X
X
CLEAR_COMMAND
Radio interface fail
Optimization:
Introduction
HO_ACCESS
Release connection
Team
MS
Global Indicators
Important indicators : SDCCH Congestion Rate
Definition: Rate of SDCCH not allocated
during radio link establishment procedure

due to congestion on Air interface
Comment: Check SDCCH Erlang : if not
critical, SDCCH availability/allocation
problem, or HO access on a nearby cell
side effect or interference on the carrier
handling SDCCH (the last 2 can lead to
high rate if Phantom RACH
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
Global Indicators
Important indicators : SDCCH Assign Failure Rate
Definition: Rate of SDCCH seizure failed
(BSS problem, radio access problem)

during radio link establishment procedure
over the total amount of SDCCH seizure
requests during radio link establishment
procedure
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
Global Indicators
Important indicators : SDCCH Drop Rate
Definition: Rate of dropped SDCCH
(SDCCH is established for any

transaction OC, TC, LU, ...)
Comment: Drop radio + Drop HO +
Drop BSS
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
Global Indicators
Important indicators : TCH Assign Failure/Congestion Rate
Definition:
TCH Assign Failure Rate: Rate of RTCH
Optimization:
Introduction
seizure failed (BSS problem, radio access

problem) during normal assignment
procedure over the total amount or RTCH
request for normal assignment procedure
TCH Assign Congestion Rate: Rate of
RTCH not allocated during normal
assignment due to congestion on Air
interface
Team
Global Indicators
Important indicators : Call Drop Rate
Definition: Rate of dropped calls over the
Optimization:
Introduction
total amount of calls with a successful end

Comment:
Drop BSS + Drop radio + Drop HO
TCH drop occurring after successful
assignment but before speech connection
are considered as call drop even if from
customers point of view it is a call setup
failure
Team
Global Indicators
Important indicators : Call Setup Success Rate
Definition: Rate of calls going until TCH
successful assignment, that is not interrupted

by SDCCH drop neither by assignment
failures
Comment:
Subscriber : call not established at the
first attempt
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
Global Indicators
Important indicators : Call Success Rate (BSS view)
Definition: Rate of calls going until normal
Optimization:
Introduction
release, that is not interrupted by SDCCH

drop neither by assignment failures and
neither by CALL DROP
Comment:
1 call success =
1 call successfully established
Without any call drop
Team
Global Indicators
Important indicators : Outgoing Handover Success Rate
Definition: Rate of outgoing external and
internal intercell TCH and SDCCH handover

successes over the total amount of outgoing
external and internal intercell TCH and
SDCCH handover required
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
Global Indicators
Important indicators : Incoming Handover Success Rate
Definition: Rate of incoming external and
internal intercell TCH and SDCCH handover

successes over the total amount of outgoing
external and internal intercell TCH and
SDCCH handover requests
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
Global Indicators
Important indicators : Handover Cause Distribution
Definition: Distribution of Handover requests by
cause: UL Qual, UL Lev, DL Qual, DL Lev, Better

Cell, UL Interference, DL Interference,
Interband, Micro cells HO, Concentric cell
causes
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
Typical Radio Problems

i.
ii.
iii.
Coverage Problem
Interference problem
Unbalanced power
budget problem
iv. Congestion problem
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
Typical Radio Problems

Several sources of information for
optimization
QoS indicators
Coverage predictions
Customer complaints
Drive tests
Abis/A traces
Other teams information (NSS
statistics)
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
i. Coverage Problem
Bad coverage :
A network facing coverage problems
has bad RxLev. RxQual can be bad
at the same time.
Sometimes the RxLev can look OK on
the street (i.e. from drivetest) but
coverage inside the buildings can be
poor due to building losses. Building
losses can range from 10 to 30 dB
or more.
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
i. Coverage Problem
Indications :
Customers complain about dropped

calls and/or No Network
OMC QoS indicators
TCH failure rate

Call drop rate
Low proportion of better cell HO
High rate of DL & UL Level HO
(possibly also DL/UL quality HO)
A interface indicators
High rate of Clear Request message,
cause radio interface failure
Drive Test
Poor RxLev ( < -95 dBm)
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
i. Coverage Problem
Investigation and Optimization :
If actual coverage is not the one
predicted by planning tool
Check antenna system (azimuth,
crossed sector?)
Check prediction in the tool (EIRP,
Clutter Type, Obstructing building?).
Most of the time the prediction will be
incorrect, as it is only a computer
simulation
Increase or decrease antenna down-tilt
Check BTS output power set in the
OMC-R (BS_TXPWR_MAX: should
always be set at 0)
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
i. Coverage Problem
Investigation and Optimization :
If actual coverage OK compared to
predicted ones
Improve coverage by adding Macro
site, Microcell site (Border or Shadow
areas), or IBC site (In-building
coverage).
Use parameter setting ex. Bi-layer
Handover.
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
i. Coverage Problem
Example on thresholds :
From Drive test or Abis
Interface
Optimization:
Introduction
RxLev
<
-95 dBm
and
RxQual
>
Team
ii. Interference Problem

Interference :
A network facing
interferences problems
presents good RxLev and
bad RxQual in the same
time on some areas.
Optimization:
Introduction
Team

Indications :
Customers complain about bad speech

quality (noisy calls) and/or call drops
OMC QoS indicators
SDCCH/TCH Drop
Low proportion of better cell HO
High rate of DL/UL quality HO and
interference HO
Low HO success rate
Drive Test
RxQual > 4 with RxLev > -85 dBm
Optimization:
Introduction
Team

Typical causes :
GSM interferences
Co-channel
adjacent
Non GSM Interference
Other
Mobile Network
Other RF sources
Optimization:
Introduction
Team

Co-channel interference :
Level
C/I = Carrier-to-interference
ratio
+12 dB is taken into account
for Alcatel ( +9 dB according
to GSM standard) (i.e.
interference can be 9 12
dB weaker than serving cell
to cause poor RxQual).
Optimization:
Introduction
+12 dB
f(cell1)=f(cell2)
Frequency
Team

Indications
Downlink and/or Uplink Interference

High rate of quality handover, call drop,
and call setup failure
Investigation
Optimization:
Introduction
Drive test analysis

Lumpini: Co-channel checking
Check prediction to verify which cell
could be causing the interference
Frequency plan C/I < 12 dB
Team

Optimization
Optimization:
Introduction
Antenna optimization
Change frequency
Reduce BTS power (not an option in TA
Orange network)
Concentric cell
Team

Co-channel interference: Optimization: Concentric cell
Concept
Conclusion from Alcatel
trial on Oranges network

(Suburban area)
Concentric cell is difficult to
optimize, and hence is

rarely used in the network
today.
Optimization:
Introduction
Team

Adjacent channel interference :
C/A = Carrier-to-adjacent ratio
-6 dB is taken into account for Alcatel (
-9 dB according to GSM standard).
Level
f(cell1) f(cell2)
-6 dB
E.g.
f(cell1)= Ch.573
f(cell2)= Ch.574
f(cell2)=f(cell1)+1
Optimization:
Introduction
Frequency
Team

Indications
Downlink and/or Uplink Interference
High rate of quality handover, call drop, and
call failure
Investigation
Optimization:
Introduction
Adjacent HO statistics (if they are defined as

neighbors). If they often handover, then
adjacent channel interference could be a
problem.
Drive test analysis
Lumpini: Adjacent channel checking
Cell coverage prediction
Frequency plan C/I < -6 dB
Team

Optimization
Optimization:
Introduction
Antenna optimization
Change frequency
Reduce BTS power (not an option in TA
Orange network)
Concentric cell
Team

Interference : Forced Directed Retry
MS should connect to Cell_A, but
no TCH available.
MS connects to Cell_B with forced
directed retry
MS is emitting at high level (due to
long distance from Cell_B)
Cell_B: Ch.573
UL interference for Cell_C
Cell_B is emitting at high level (if
DL PC is being used)
DL interference at Cell_C
MS is serving on the 2nd or 3rd best
server: increases chances of

interference problem (poor C/I &
C/A as C is lower)
Optimization:
Introduction
Cell_A: Ch.569
Cell_C: Ch.572
Team
FIU,RRI,E1/T1,BOI
Optimization:
Introduction
Team

Non GSM interference :
Other mobile network
Inter-modulation with GSM BTS/MS

receiver
Other RF interferers
Optimization:
Introduction
Radar
Shop anti-theft mechanism
Medical devices
Other man-made radio transmission
Illegal usage of GSM frequencies (e.g.
illegal imported devices, illegal usage
of other organization, ...)
...
Team
iii. Unbalance power budget

Problem
A cell facing unbalanced power budget
Optimization:
Introduction
problems presents a too high path-loss

difference between UL and DL (often DL>UL)
Lower Rx diversity gain of cross polarized
antenna in rural area compared to dense
area
Crossed feeders
Traffic not directly in boresight of antenna,
where cross-polar discrimination is lower
Loose connectors
Faulty antenna, feeder, TMA
Rule : try to have delta as small as possible
to avoid access network possible only in 1
direction (usually BTS->MS : OK and MS>BTS : NOK), i.e. uplink limited
Team

Problem
Indicators :
OMC QoS indicators
High ratio of Uplink level Handover cause

Low incoming HO success rate
DL level looks OK for HO, but UL is too
weak when HO is attempted
Degradation of TCH failures and OC call
drop indicators
O&M Alarms
Optimization:
Introduction
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)

TMA
Team

Problem
Investigation :
Abis monitoring:
ABS(delta Path loss) > 10
Check if problem is occurring for 1
TRX or all.
ABS(delta path loss) = ABS(UL Path loss
DL Path loss)
UL Path loss = MS transmitted power
measured received UL level
DL Path loss = BTS transmitted power
combiner loss measured received DL
level
Large difference between uplink and
downlink level triggered HO.
Use PM observation counter (in OMC-R)

RT11
Optimization:
Introduction
Team

Problem
Optimization : This equipment
should be checked
TRX
types (MP, HP)

Antennas or common RF
components, TMA (common to all
TRX of the BTS)
TRX RF cables, LNA
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
iv. TCH congestion

Problem
TCH Congestion :
TCH Congestion rate (TCH
Assignment Phase) is too

high (more than 2%)
Rule : try to meet the offered
traffic (asked by users) by
providing the right number
of resources (TRX extension)
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
iv. TCH congestion

Problem
Indications :
Customers complain about Network

busy
OMC QoS indicators
High TCH Congestion rate, RTCH

Assignment fail-Congestion
Low incoming Intra/Inter BSC HO success
rate (no TCH available)
High Directed Retry rate or Congestion
Relief (Motorola) if activated
A interface indicators: BSS Congestion
failure in OC
High rate of Assignment Failure message,
No radio resource available
Drive Test
Handover to better cell is slow, or never
occurs
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
iv. TCH congestion

Problem
Optimization :
Optimization:
Introduction
Special events :
Foreseeable: football match,
important meeting, Exhibition, etc.
Add some extra TRXs
Add special mobile BTSs (Cell
on Wheel)
Activate HR (may not always be
possible due to BSC capacity
limitations)
Not foreseeable: car crash on the
highway
Team
iv. TCH congestion

Problem
Optimization :
Optimization:
Introduction
Daily periodic problems : At busy

hour:
Hardware solution :
Add TRX(s)
Concentric cell
New site
Optimize cell boundaries (i.e.
antenna optimization) to share
traffic with surrounding cells
Team
iv. TCH congestion

Problem
Optimization :
Optimization:
Introduction
Daily periodic problems : At busy

hour:
Software solution :
Directed Retry
Traffic Handover
Half Rate (Alcatel)
Congestion Relief (Motorola)
Flow control (Motorola)
Team

parties
Coverage problem :
If the measured RxLev does not
match the prediction
Check the prediction, check
panoramic pictures for obstructions
Field Operation team to check
physical configuration (tilt, azimuth,
antenna height...). Also check for
faults in the antenna system (VSWR,
sweep antennas, DTF test, etc.)
If Field Operation find no problem,
antenna optimization may be
required (if necessary)
Optimization:
Introduction
Team

parties
Coverage problem :
If
the field reality match the

prediction
RF team to add new sites (trisector, micro cellular, indoor
cells) to improve poor/no
coverage area (Optimizer
requests for some new sites to RF
team regarding to the drive test
result)
Optimization:
Introduction
Team

parties
Interference problem :
Optimization team to identify the

interference source and request
Spectrum Management team to
correct it in case of internal source
(new frequency planning...)
problem :
Optimization:
Introduction
Field Operation team to check the

impacted BTS (Antenna, TMA, RF
cables, LNA, diversity system...)
according to request from Optimizer.
Team

parties
TCH Congestion problem :
Regional
RF to request TRX
expansion.
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
Optimization: Introduction
Episode: II
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
Optimization: Contents
Organization
Alcatel KPIs
Optimization
Workflow
Optimization Process
Optimization Tools
Report Links
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
Optimization: Organization
Name In English
Div/De pt
No.
Acce ss Eng
&
Performance
50
Mr.
Xa vier
Le pez
51
Ms.
Sanida
Sengyai
52
Mr.
Rob
We rne r
2EN1110
53
Mr.
Andrew
Barton
Initia l
54
First
Na me in Thai
La st
Initia l
..
First
ID No.
Ex t.
Orange
Mobile
ANTE & Performance Mgr.
2912
4995
09-100-6680
Administrator
0723
5174
0 9100 6677
Engine ering Mgr.
1086
5152
0 9100 6466
Motorola Interface
0570
5151
0 9100 6424
Alcatel Interface
0058
4986
0 9100 6432
Spectrum Management
0991
5150
0 9100 6426
Position
La st
Vacant
BKK RF Interface
55
Mr.
Prasong
Kullama
56
Mr.
Ferri
Tafreshi
57
Mr.
Aekkorn
Poomseetana
Spectrum Eng.
0239
5149
0 9100 6427
58
Ms.
Lilly
Sarujikumjornwatana
..
Spectrum Eng.
4022
5093
0 6501 0054
Technical Support Mgr.
0609
5153
0 9100 6423
Software Eng.
1846
5143
0 9100 6428
Software Eng.
3028
5219
0 9100 6209
59
Vacant
Spectrum Eng.
60
Vacant
Spectrum Eng.
61
Vacant
Spectrum Eng.
62
Mr.
Nazli
Abdullah
63
Ms.
Aphiwan
Malaithong
64
Mr.
Pnot
Limpiphiphatn
65
..
Vacant
Software Eng.
66
Ms.
Vorrachitt
Veerachitt
..
Frequency Planner (Contractor)
4027
0 6622 2907
67
Mr.
Warakorn
Angkaphaiboonsakul
4025
0 1833 4452
68
Mr.
Sirasith
Phanupornprapong
4026
0 1802 2114
Acce ss Eng
&
Performance
69
Mr.
Stephane
Te lla
Pe rformance Mgr.
5111
0 9100 6262
70
Mr.
Micha el
Powe ll
Optimization Mgr. BKK
1045
5189
0 9100 6681
71
Mr.
Atinan
Tumsatan
Optimization Eng. BKK
1872
4981
0 9100 6684
2EN1110
72
Ms.
Thitinun
Limpaphinun
..
2448
4983
0 9100 6691
73
Mr.
Supakorn
Chumnongrark
0437
4985
0 9100 6682
74
Ms.
Sutthida
Dullaya - anukit
..
2244
4984
0 9100 6685
75
Mr.
Phairoj
Thamrongthanyawong
4005
5196
0 6502 0053
76
Mr.
Boonyarith
Saovapakiran
4006
5027
0 6502 0052
77
Vacant
78
Vacant
79
Vacant
80
Vacant
81
Vacant
82
Mr.
Pongpunt
Thanddokmai
Drive Test Technician
2235
5178
0 9100 6686
Mr.
Somyos
Tharalerd
83
2388
5178
0 9100 6688
84
Mr.
Prasit
Jeayang
2445
5177
0 9100 6689
85
Mr.
Nikhom
Lertwilai
2490
5177
0 9100 6690
86
Mr.
La ure nt
He mone t
Optimization Mgr Alcatel
3655
5028
0 9100 6694
87
Mr.
Kachaprid
Booramyakorn
Optimization Eng. Alcatel
2533
5173
0 9100 6692
88
Mr.
Sarasit
Wichaikhtkha
2376
5177
0 9100 6687
89
Vacant
90
Vacant
91
Vacant
Acce ss Eng
&
Performance
92
Ms.
Linda
Re nou
5064
0 9100 6696
93
Mr.
Wasan
Taweesin
Optimization Eng. Motorola
0715
4982
0 9100 6683
94
Mr.
Santiphap
Utta
3483
5021
0 9100 6693
2EN1110
95
Ms.
Suratsawadee
Kongsettakhonchai
..
3737
5186
0 9100 6695
BSS Eng.
3658
5144
0 9100 6555
BSS Eng.
3972
5156
0 6502 0051
96
Vacant
97
Optimization:
Introduction
Vacant
98
Mr.
Renaud
Lelong
99
Mr.
Kittisak
Kiatmonkong
100
Optimization Mgr Motorola
Vacant
BSS Eng.
Team
Alcatel KPIs : Network

Statistics
TYPE OF MEASURE INDICATORS
OBJECTIVE FAT
and Phase 2
Drive test for radio

coverage.
See next page.
Drive test for

Quality of Service
indicators
Measured at
OMCR
(Statistical BSS
Quality of Service
Indicators)
Optimization:
Introduction
Down
link RXLEV
OBJECTIVE PAT
Phase 1A and 1B
CSSR
>= 98 %
RXQUAL
90 % of call
85 % of call
samples below or
samples below or
equal to RXQUAL 3 equal to RXQUAL 3
CSSR
>= 98%
TCH Blocking
Rate
SDCCH
Blocking Rate
>= 96 %
<= 2 %
<= 2 %
<= 1 %
<= 1 %
TCH Drop Rate
<= 2 %
<= 3%
HOSR
>= 95%
>= 94%
Team
Alcatel KPIs : Drivetest

Statistics
Optimization:
Introduction
Service Area
% of Samples above
or equal to
threshold ("Valid
Measurement Sample
Percentage")
Minimum Radio
Coverage Field
Strength Acceptance
Threshold on Street
Level
Dense Urban
98%
- 75 dBm
Urban
96%
- 82 dBm
Suburban
93%
- 87 dBm
Rural
93%
- 97 dBm
Highways
93%
- 87 dBm
Team
Optimization : Workflow
The following are activities of one Radio Network
Optimization Engineer (RNOE) managing the
areas
Worst Cell Lists
Check Data
Prioritization List
Alerts
Check Frequency
Trouble Ticket
(TT)
Check Neighbors
Weekly
Check Parameters
Dashboard
Neighbors Analysis
BGW Lists
CAT Status
Daily Dashboard
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
Optimization : Workflow
The following activities are not weekly activities
Neighbors for new
CAT Reports
A/Abis Trace Analysis
Customer Complaints
Meeting
Optimization:
Introduction
sites
Traffic Study Analysis
Antenna
Optimization
Drive Test Analysis &
Problem Log
(Potatoes)
Drive Test Reports
CAT Drive Tests
Special Studies and
Requests
Documentation
Team
Optimization : Process
The following are processes based on
Remedy
Optimization Tasks
Cell-by-cell parameter change/Massive
parameter change
Neighbor addition/deletion
Correction Tasks
Cell-by-cell parameter change/Massive
parameter change
Neighbor addition/deletion
Spectrum Management Tasks
Frequency change request
Retune request
Optimization:
Introduction
Team
Optimization : Tools
The following are some tools used by an
Optimizer
RNO : Radio Network
OMC-R : Operation
Optimization tool
and Maintenance
Center-Radio
(A956)
NPA : Network
Drive Test Tools
Performance
TEMS
Analyzer (A985)
GREYSON
INMS
ACTIX (post
ASSET
process tool)
Net Monitor
MapInfo
Optimization:
Introduction
Lunpini
Nbclient
Team
Report Links
G:\Working Document\Net Ops\Network
Performance\@_THAI\BGW_&_Top20
Performance\@_THAI\Weekly_Dashboard
Performance\@_THAI\Daily_Dashboard_&_Al
erts
Optimization:
Introduction
Team

Optimization

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Optimization: Introduction

3. TCH assignment Phase

Mobile Originated Call (MOC)

CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK

ESTABLISH IND (L3 info)

CIPHERING MODE COMMAND

CHANNEL ALLOCATION ACK.

4. Alert and Connect

ASSIGNMENT COMMEND (old channel)

SABM (L3 info)

ESTABLISH IND (new channel)

ESTABLISH COMPLETE (new channel)

SABM (L3 info)

NO FREE SDCCH !!!

IMM. ASS. REJECT (OPTION)

IMMEDIATE ASSIGN COMMEND

MS will try to request again for a certain of

cell SDCCH design

Logical cell design, extra TRX, new site

Common Transport Effect

phantom channel requests

IMMEDIATE ASSIGN COMMEND

Real radio problems

In case of radio failure, MS will retry as in case

Channel request received but not sent : 3

GSM 05.05: 0.02% of RACH Frame can

Channel request sent to neighbor cell

Subscriber is not impacted ( the real

But SDCCH RF access failure is impacted

Usual radio planning rules are sufficient to

Channel request due to handover

During HO, first message sent to target

If received on BCCH, can be understood

MS is sending usually a sequence of HO

In some cases, this can create phantom

Can block very easily SDCCH

Radio connection loss

Loss of connection during SDCCH phase =

no RTCH available on request cell

4 sub causes of congestion

high priority (i.e. emergency call)

PHYSICAL CONTEXT REQUEST

CHANNEL ALLOCATION ACK.

PHYSICAL CONTEXT REQUEST

CHANNEL ALLOCATION ACK.

Alerting Connection Phase or Communication : at any time

CONNECTION FAILURE INDICATION

Alerting Connection Phase or Communication : at any time

CONNECTION FAILURE INDICATION

Transcoder reported problem

Microwave antenna, fixed line problems.

Alerting Connection Phase or Communication : at any time

Other BSS problem (excluding TC)

Alerting Connection Phase or Communication : at any time

Call drop during handover

Intracell HO Failures : Drop

ASSIGNMENT COMMAND (old channel)

Release of old and new channels

ASSIGNMENT COMMEND (old channel)

SABM (new channel)

SABM (new channel)

ESTABLISH INDICATION (old channel)

: Reversion to Old Channel

SABM (L3 info)